African yam bean hull chemical composition and its effects on rat′s mineral retention, serum biochemical components and enzymatic activities

Abstract

The influence of yam bean hull on rat's mineral metabolism, serum composition and enzymatic activities was investigated. The chemical composition of the bean's hull shows a reasonably high crude protein (11.4%) but very low contents of crude fat (2.6%), phytic acid (82 mg/100 g) and phytin-phosphorus (23 mg/100 g). K and Ca are the major minerals present in yam bean hull. The hull, rich in cell wall polysaccharides, is composed of cellulose (35.4%), non-cellulose fractions made of pectin and hemicellulose put together (41.9%) and lignin (3.6%). The growth and feed conversion efficiency of rats fed yam bean hull diet were significantly better than rats fed pure cellulose and cellulose-free diets. Conversely, the metabolizable energy of yam bean hull diet (16.4 MJ/kg) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of either cellulose-free (17.8 MJ/kg) or pure cellulose diet (17 MJ/kg). The retention of the minerals examined, except for Ca, was lower when the hull was included in diet as compared to the control (fibre-free) diet. The fibre containing diets decreased serum cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). Yam bean hull had no effect on packed cell volume and serum total protein.

Arraste via fecal de nutrientes da ingestão produzido por bagaço de mandioca hidrolisado

“…Em experimentos de 24 dias de duração e mantendo constante o conteúdo de fitato pela adição de fitato de sódio, pães contendo níveis diferenciados de fibra alimentar (branco, marron e integral), não interferiram na absorção de cálcio, zinco e ferro, sugerindo que a fibra, em si, não influenciou a absorção destes minerais (Andersson et al, 1983). Agunbiade & Longe (1998) demonstraram , em ratos, que a casca de um feijão cultivado na África, rica principalmente em potássio e cálcio, causou a diminuição da absorção de minerais, exceto o cálcio. Essa casca era constituída de 354 g kg -1 de celulose, 419 g kg -1 de hemicelulose + pectina, 36 g kg -1 de lignina, bem como quantidades de 114 g kg -1 de proteína bruta, 26 g kg -1 de lipídeo, 0,82 g kg -1 de ácido fítico e 0,23 g kg -1 de fósforo-fitina.…”

The Level of Major Proteins and Minerals in the Blood Serum of Chickens Fed Diets with Pure Cellulose

“…This did not result in any pathological changes in liver or kidneys and did not substantially influence protein metabolism parameters such as protein, albumin, BUN and creatinine. Also high, a 15% pure cellulose additive in diet did not influence the total protein level and its fractions in the blood serum of rats (AGUNBIADE & LONGE 1998). An experiment by CAO et al (2003) revealed that the pure cellulose content in the diet of Single Comb White Leghorn chickens should not exceed 3.5%.…”

“…These include an increase in the weight of individual segments of the digestive tract, gizzard activity, pancreatic enzyme activity and a higher concentration of bile acids in jejunum, positive changes in the morphology of the small intestine mucosa resulting in a larger absorption surface. It is wellknown that dietary fibre has the ability to precipitate minerals in the digestive content which decreases their absorption (VAN DER AAR 1983;AGUNBIADE & LONGE 1998;GREGER 1999;SMULIKOWSKA 2002). In view of the studies mentioned above, it seems justified to ask whether cellulose, as the major component of insoluble fibre fraction (considering its physico-chemical properties), can affect the protein profile and mineral concentration in the blood of broiler chickens.…”

Reproductive and Growth Performance of Rabbit Fed Different Inclusion Levels of African Yam Bean (&lt;i&gt;Sphenostylis stenocarpa&lt;/i&gt;)

“…Incorporating AYB in the feeds of some livestock has been attempted by [5] [6]. It can be used in inclusion or as a substitute for protein source in livestock feed provided other food crops used in livestock feed is available to supplement the AYB content for increased feed consumption and palatability [7].…”