African swine fever in Latvian wild boar—A step closer to elimination

Oļševskis, Edvīns; Schulz, Katja; Staubach, Christoph; Seržants, Mārtiņš; Lamberga, Kristīne; Pūle, Daina; Ozoliņš, Jurijs; Conraths, Franz Josef; Sauter‐Louis, Carola

doi:10.1111/tbed.13611

Cited by 35 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The last outbreak in a pig farm was reported in July 2019, with 10 reports of ASF in pig farms in 2018 (Disease information-Immediate notifications 2005-2020), but reports of infected wild boars continued into 2020. An evaluation of the current epidemiological situation in wild boars indicated a decrease in active circulation of the virus and suggested that managing the wild boar population to keep numbers as low as possible, continuing surveillance and removal of wild boar carcasses could result in elimination of the infection (Olsevskis et al 2020). An experimental oral vaccine developed from a field strain of reduced virulence recovered from a wild boar in Latvia was reported to show promise (Barasona et al 2019).…”

Section: Latviamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Belgium and Czech Republic it was possible to eradicate the infection (Marcon et al 2020), which in both cases could be restricted to a limited area. However, Estonia and Latvia, where the whole countries were infected, the combination of surveillance for and burial of wild boar carcasses and population reduction due both to ASF and to increased hunting pressure has resulted in a demonstrable decline in virus circulation (Schulz et al 2019;Olsevskis et al 2020).…”

Section: Managing Asf In Free-living Wild Boar or Feral Pig Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current status of African swine fever

Penrith

2020

CABI Agric Biosci

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African swine fever is a serious viral disease of domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boars that poses a major threat to pig production. For more than thirty years after its discovery in East Africa it was limited to eastern and southern Africa, where it is believed to have originated. The ability of the causative virus to remain viable for long periods in raw or insufficiently cooked pork products has enabled it, through travel and trade, to spread widely throughout sub-Saharan Africa and to other continents. In the second half of the 20 th century it had caused outbreaks in the majority of African countries where pigs are produced, as well as in a number of European countries, two of the Caribbean islands, and Brazil. By the turn of the century it had been eradicated from all non-African countries except the Italian island of Sardinia. In 2007 African swine fever arrived in the Republic of Georgia, and has subsequently spread insidiously into other Transcaucasian countries, Russia and some of its neighbours. In 2014 it reached the Baltic States and Poland through infected wild boars, and has become established in several wild boar populations from which it is difficult to eradicate. Most recently, in 2018 the first outbreaks were reported in China, home to half of the world's pig population, where it spread with unprecedented rapidity throughout China and to several other countries in the region, including the island nations of Philippines, Indonesia, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. These events have posed new challenges for control, including some that parallel the situation in Africa, where poor people rely on pigs produced at subsistence level to provide for their needs and where pigs may also be socially and culturally important. The central role that humans play in the maintenance and spread of African swine fever has again been emphasised. This review describes the current status of African swine fever globally and the trends and challenges for management that face veterinarians and pig industries at all levels worldwide.

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Section: Latviamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Managing Asf In Free-living Wild Boar or Feral Pig Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of African swine fever

Penrith

2020

CABI Agric Biosci

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“…In case of a longer-lasting epidemic like in Estonia and Latvia, a decrease of ASFV prevalence estimates were observed, whereas the prevalence of wild boar being seropositive increased within both countries [9,11,12]. It is hypothesized that this course indicates the decline of circulating ASFV and a country obtaining such results might be on its way of disease elimination [9,11,12]. In a previous study, Lithuanian surveillance data from 2014 to 2017 yielded a clear increase in the ASFV prevalence estimates in wild boar found dead (from 20.1% in 2014 to 79.68% in 2017) whereas the average seroprevalence during 2014-2017 was low (0.45%) suggesting that the ASF epidemic in Lithuania was still in full progress by 2017 [1].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to previous studies [9,11,12], for analyses, samples were grouped depending on their laboratory results.…”

Section: Prevalence Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

African swine fever in the Lithuanian wild boar population in 2018: a snapshot

Pautienius

Schulz

Staubach

et al. 2020

Virol J

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The first cases of African swine fever (ASF) were detected in the Lithuanian wild boar population in 2014. Since then, the disease spread slowly through the whole country, affecting both, wild boar and domestic pigs. In the other Baltic states, which both are also affected by ASF since 2014, the recent course of ASF prevalence suggests that the countries might be well under way of disease elimination. In contrast, in Lithuania the epidemic seems to be still in full progress. In the present study, we aimed to extend a previous prevalence study in Lithuania. Looking at ASF virus (ASFV) and seroprevalence estimates of wild boar in all months of 2018 and in all affected municipalities in Lithuania, the course of ASF was evaluated on a temporal and spatial scale. A non-spatial beta-binomial model was used to correct for under- or overestimation of the average prevalence estimates. Within 2018 no big differences between the prevalence estimates were seen over time. Despite of the lower sample size, highest ASFV prevalence estimates were found in dead wild boar, suggesting higher detection rates through passive surveillance than through active surveillance. Accordingly, with the maximum prevalence of 87.5% in May 2018, the ASFV prevalence estimates were very high in wild boar found dead. The number of samples originating from hunted animals (active surveillance) predominated clearly. However, the ASFV prevalence in those animals was lower with a maximum value of 2.1%, emphasizing the high value of passive surveillance. A slight increase of the seroprevalence in hunted wild boar could be seen over time. In the center of Lithuania, a cluster of municipalities with high ASFV and seroprevalence estimates was found. The results of the study indicate that ASFV is still circulating within the Lithuanian wild boar population, constituting a permanent risk of disease transmission into domestic pig holdings. However, additional, more recent data analyses are necessary to re-evaluate the course of ASF in Lithuania and thus, to be able to make a statement about the stage of the ASF epidemic in the country. This is of huge importance for Lithuania for evaluating control measures and their efficacy, but also for neighbouring countries to assess the risk of disease spread from Lithuania.

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“…By contrast, seropositive animals survived the infection and were able to eliminate the virus [ 10 ]. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that an increase in seropositive wild boar among all sampled wild boar might indicate a subsiding epidemic [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. However, studies that prove the lack of infectiousness of these animals or the possibility of reactivation of ASFV are still missing.…”

Section: Thesesmentioning

confidence: 99%