African Swine Fever: A Review of Current Disease Management Strategies and Risks Associated with Exhibition Swine in the United States

Abstract

African swine fever is a high-consequence foreign animal disease endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and the island of Sardinia. The U.S. is the world’s third largest pork producer, and ASF introduction would severely disrupt the pork supply chain, emphasizing the need to protect market access for U.S. proteins. However, niche producers raising swine intended for exhibition may not follow stringent biosecurity protocols, and livestock show circuits may promote untracked animal movement across the country, potentially exacerbating virus’ spread in the event of ASF incursion into the U.S. Youth membership in state or national swine organizations offers a route for outreach and educational activities to enhance foreign animal disease preparedness, and adult presence at swine exhibitions allows a wide variety of programming for all ages to better serve all levels of understanding.

Nanoparticle-Based Secretory Granules Induce a Specific and Long-Lasting Immune Response through Prolonged Antigen Release

“…This structurally complex virus [ 25 ] causes severe hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs [ 27 , 28 ]. Being a significant global veterinary concern [ 26 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], primarily due to the lack of effective vaccine and vaccine prototypes [ 33 ], it is particularly worrying in large countries such as China in which the pig industry is a strong economic supporter [ 34 , 35 ]. Secondly, a mouse model was employed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of secretory granules based on the green fluorescent protein (GFP).…”