African black soap: Physiochemical, phytochemical properties, and uses

Abstract

The African black soap is popular for its cleansing and medicinal properties particularly amongst those of African descent. The “traditional” African black soap” refers to soaps made from the ash‐derived alkali from agricultural waste and oil extracted from vegetable matter without the addition of cosmetic enhancing products. Production of black soap has been traced to west Africa especially Nigeria and Ghana. The raw materials are readily available in the region making the soap available and affordable for most in sub‐Saharan Africa. It has been described as gentle, super fatted and hypoallergenic. It is advertised as antimicrobial, anti‐acne, exfoliating, skin toning, scar fading, and having medicinal properties. It is popular for its management of skin diseases, although some of the claims remain anecdotal. Generations of Africans abroad continue to use modified versions of the soap and claim they are satisfied with the results obtained. However, in the management of patients with skin disorders, especially eczema, in sub‐Saharan Africa, prescribing an ideal skin cleanser can be challenging as many cannot afford the imported nonsoap cleansers with skin friendly pH. Studies have shown that the traditional black soap does have antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcal and some Streptococcal organisms, which are commonly seen in the tropical climate. The recent ban of some antiseptics in popular antibacterial soaps in this environment, emphasizes the need for production of safer antimicrobials. The antimicrobial, physiochemical, and phytochemical properties of the African black soap suggest it may have beneficial effects on the overall skin health.

A review of indigenous therapies for hair and scalp disorders in Nigeria

“…and fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. 57 Its antimicrobial function is thought to be useful in the treatment of scalp dandruff, while the moisturizing and nutritional effects of the added oils makes it improve the scalp and combat dry hair by improving hydration. It is also thought to cleanse the scalp by promoting exfoliation and promoting circulation in the scalp which makes it an excellent therapy for alopecia and also to promote hair growth.…”

“…It is also thought to cleanse the scalp by promoting exfoliation and promoting circulation in the scalp which makes it an excellent therapy for alopecia and also to promote hair growth. [57][58][59] Other less commonly used herbs include: avocado oil derived from Avocado (Persea Americana), pawpaw leaf (Carica papaya), dietary supplements, 43 raw egg often used in combination with the vegetable oils and the hibiscus flower (Hibiscus rosa sinensis) which improves scalp blood flow with enhancement of nutritional support to the hair follicle. 52,53 There have also been reports on the effectiveness of topical Kombucha in promoting hair growth in mice.…”

Exploring and expanding frontiers in dermatology: Indigenous African dermatology

“…4 It is reportedly active against Streptococcal and Staphylococcal species. 4 Might this offer a clue as to why certain disorders that are associated with Staphylococcus colonization of skin lesions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, may be less prevalent, in these populations? Another interesting question that may yield valuable information, when answered.…”

“…Indigenous black soap is widely used in various parts of West Africa. The components vary, but most commonly palm kernel oil and shea butter as common ingredients, with honey, papaya, lime and even marijuana added, depending on desired effect 4 . It is reportedly active against Streptococcal and Staphylococcal species 4 .…”

“…The components vary, but most commonly palm kernel oil and shea butter as common ingredients, with honey, papaya, lime and even marijuana added, depending on desired effect 4 . It is reportedly active against Streptococcal and Staphylococcal species 4 . Might this offer a clue as to why certain disorders that are associated with Staphylococcus colonization of skin lesions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, may be less prevalent, in these populations?…”