African Americans and High Blood Pressure: The Role of Stereotype Threat

Blascovich, Jim; Spencer, Steven J.; Quinn, Diane M.; Steele, Claude M.

doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00340

Cited by 489 publications

(370 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with previous literature that suggests that stereotype threat produces increased anxiety whether that anxiety is measured via nonverbal expression (Bosson, Haymovitz, & Pinel, 2004), blood pressure (Blascovich, Spencer, Quinn, & Steele, 2001), or social facilitation (O'Brien & Crandall, 2003). No factors were found to attenuate the relationship between stereotype activation and distancing behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The space between us: Stereotype threat and distance in interracial contexts.

Goff

Steele

Davies

2008

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

320

303

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Four studies investigate the role that stereotype threat plays in producing racial distancing behavior in an anticipated conversation paradigm. It was hypothesized that the threat of appearing racist may have the ironic effect of causing Whites to distance themselves from Black conversation partners. In Study 1, participants distanced themselves more from Black partners under conditions of threat, and this distance correlated with the activation of a "White racist" stereotype. In Study 2, it was demonstrated that Whites' interracial distancing behavior was not predicted by explicit or implicit prejudice. Study 3 provides evidence that conceiving of interracial interactions as opportunities to learn may attenuate the negative consequences of threat for Whites. Study 4 found that Whites have conscious access to their experience of stereotype threat and that this awareness may mediate the relationship between threat and distance. These results are discussed within a broader discourse of racial distancing and the possibility that certain identity threats may be as important as prejudice in determining the outcomes of interracial interactions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The space between us: Stereotype threat and distance in interracial contexts.

Goff

Steele

Davies

2008

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

320

303

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Members of negatively stereotyped groups may experience elevated levels of stress when performing on tasks where they risk confirming a stereotype about their group in the eyes of others (Ben-Zeev, Fein, & Inzlicht, 2005;Blascovich, Spencer, Quinn, & Steele, 2001;O'Brien & Crandell, 2003). This stress can in turn undermine performance.…”

Section: Stereotype Threat and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychology of Self‐defense: Self‐Affirmation Theory

Sherman¹,

Cohen²

2006

Advances in Experimental Social Psychology

1,141

1,423

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“…Stereotype threat can negatively affect the performance and health of ethnic groups (Steele & Aronson, 1995, Blascovich et al, 2001, women (Spencer et al, 1999), and older adults (Levy et al, 2006). Negative views of minority or national groups can exacerbate conflict and create or fuel prejudicial and discriminatory behaviors.…”

Section: National Character Stereotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural studies of personality traits and their relevance to psychiatry

Terracciano¹,

McCrae²

2006

Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc

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Aims-This article provides a brief review of recent cross-cultural research on personality traits at both individual and culture levels, highlighting the relevance of recent findings for psychiatry.Method-In most cultures around the world, personality traits can be clearly summarized by the five broad dimensions of the Five-Factor Model (FFM), which makes it feasible to compare cultures on personality and psychopathology.Results-Maturational patterns and sex differences in personality traits generally show cultural invariance, which generates the hypothesis that age of onset, clinical evolution, and sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders might follow similar universal patterns. The average personality profiles from 51 cultures show meaningful geographical distributions and associations with culture-level variables, but are clearly unrelated to national character stereotypes.Conclusions-Aggregate personality scores can potentially be related to epidemiological data on psychiatric disorders, and dimensional personality models have implications for psychiatric diagnosis and treatment around the world.

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African Americans and High Blood Pressure: The Role of Stereotype Threat

Cited by 489 publications

References 21 publications

The space between us: Stereotype threat and distance in interracial contexts.

The space between us: Stereotype threat and distance in interracial contexts.

The Psychology of Self‐defense: Self‐Affirmation Theory

Cross-cultural studies of personality traits and their relevance to psychiatry

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