AFM vs. Nanoindentation: Nanomechanical properties of organic-rich Shale

Kong, Lingyun; Hadavimoghaddam, Fahimeh; Li, Chunxiao; Liu, Kouqi; Liu, Bo; Semnani, Amir; Ostadhassan, Mehdi

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105229

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“… 13 − 17 This technique uses only small sample volumes (cuttings are acceptable) and can quickly generate large amounts of mechanical data. It therefore greatly aids the analysis of the micromechanical properties of shale; examples include the calculation of the mechanical parameters of individual phases in shales, such as minerals 16 − 19 and organic matter, 14 , 15 , 20 − 23 the relationships between mineralogy and bulk mechanics of shale, 14 , 15 , 24 the elastic anisotropy of shale, 17 , 25 , 26 and the methods for the prediction of the macromechanical properties of shale. 23 , 26 , 27 Besides, nanoindentation can also be used to study shale creep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional uniaxial/triaxial compression tests can reveal the macroscopic mechanical properties and creep behavior of shale. − However, these tests are generally time-consuming and require high-quality samples comprising a large volume free from fracture, which is generally difficult to obtain in field sampling. − Therefore, nanoindentation has been introduced as an alternative technique to characterize the mechanical properties of shale. − This technique uses only small sample volumes (cuttings are acceptable) and can quickly generate large amounts of mechanical data. It therefore greatly aids the analysis of the micromechanical properties of shale; examples include the calculation of the mechanical parameters of individual phases in shales, such as minerals − and organic matter, ,,− the relationships between mineralogy and bulk mechanics of shale, ,, the elastic anisotropy of shale, ,, and the methods for the prediction of the macromechanical properties of shale. ,, Besides, nanoindentation can also be used to study shale creep . Wick reported that nanoindentation gave results that were comparable with those of conventional uniaxial compression testing for creep behavior; thus, they believed that nanoindentation measurements were reliable in determining the creep behavior of shales .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Nanoindentation to Characterize the Mechanical and Creep Properties of Shale: Load and Loading Strain Rate Effects

et al. 2022

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The mechanical and creep properties of shale strongly influence artificial hydraulic fracturing, wellbore stability, and the evaluation of reservoir performance in shale gas exploration. This study characterized these mechanical and creep properties at the microscale through nanoindentation tests and evaluated their dependence on the indentation test parameters, specifically, the indentation load and the loading strain rate. The mechanical parameters (the Young’s modulus and hardness) of shale were strongly influenced by the magnitude of an indentation load (2–400 mN). Both parameters decreased sharply as the load increased from 2 to 200 mN; they then remained relatively stable at loads of 200–400 mN, suggesting that large indentation loads (200–400 mN) can be used to detect the mechanical responses of bulk shale. In contrast, both parameters increased slightly as the loading strain rate increased from 0.005 to 0.1 s –1 . The indentation creep ( C IT ), related to creep behavior, and the creep strain rate sensitivity ( m ), related to the creep mechanism of shale, both increased with increasing the indentation load, whereas they decreased with increasing the loading strain rate. This demonstrates that increasing the load or decreasing the loading strain rate can increase creep deformation in shale during nanoindentation creep testing. The values of m varied from 0.040 to 0.124 under different loading conditions, suggesting that dislocation power-law creep may be the main mechanism controlling creep in shale. This study standardizes the testing parameters for the characterization of the mechanical properties of shale by nanoindentation testing and also advances our understanding of the deformation mechanisms of shale at the microscale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Nanoindentation to Characterize the Mechanical and Creep Properties of Shale: Load and Loading Strain Rate Effects

et al. 2022

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“…Nanoindentation is another AFM method. While the modulus map obtained from conventional AFM is higher than that obtained from nanoindentation [76], the latter enables depth sensing that recodes load (P), depth (d), and time (t). This apparatus allows for controlled indentation force and displacement and is particularly useful for live cells and subcellular components [69].…”

Section: Biophysical Assessment Of Cell Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The role of cellular traction forces in deciphering nuclear mechanics

et al. 2022

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Cellular forces exerted on the extracellular matrix (ECM) during adhesion and migration under physiological and pathological conditions regulate not only the overall cell morphology but also nuclear deformation. Nuclear deformation can alter gene expression, integrity of the nuclear envelope, nucleus-cytoskeletal connection, chromatin architecture, and, in some cases, DNA damage responses. Although nuclear deformation is caused by the transfer of forces from the ECM to the nucleus, the role of intracellular organelles in force transfer remains unclear and a challenging area of study. To elucidate nuclear mechanics, various factors such as appropriate biomaterial properties, processing route, cellular force measurement technique, and micromanipulation of nuclear forces must be understood. In the initial phase of this review, we focused on various engineered biomaterials (natural and synthetic extracellular matrices) and their manufacturing routes along with the properties required to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discussed the principle of tools used to measure the cellular traction force generated during cell adhesion and migration, followed by recently developed techniques to gauge nuclear mechanics. In the last phase of this review, we outlined the principle of traction force microscopy (TFM), challenges in the remodeling of traction forces, microbead displacement tracking algorithm, data transformation from bead movement, and extension of 2-dimensional TFM to multiscale TFM.

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“…Next to measuring the Young’s modulus, it can also map the surface topography. However, the nanoindenter setups typically require less sample preparation, less alignment, can apply larger forces and can provide fast measurements ( Kong et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Techniques To Measure Cell Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered cell culture microenvironments for mechanobiology studies of brain neural cells

Ransanz

Altena²,

Heine³

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The biomechanical properties of the brain microenvironment, which is composed of different neural cell types, the extracellular matrix, and blood vessels, are critical for normal brain development and neural functioning. Stiffness, viscoelasticity and spatial organization of brain tissue modulate proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cell function. However, the mechanical aspects of the neural microenvironment are largely ignored in current cell culture systems. Considering the high promises of human induced pluripotent stem cell- (iPSC-) based models for disease modelling and new treatment development, and in light of the physiological relevance of neuromechanobiological features, applications of in vitro engineered neuronal microenvironments should be explored thoroughly to develop more representative in vitro brain models. In this context, recently developed biomaterials in combination with micro- and nanofabrication techniques 1) allow investigating how mechanical properties affect neural cell development and functioning; 2) enable optimal cell microenvironment engineering strategies to advance neural cell models; and 3) provide a quantitative tool to assess changes in the neuromechanobiological properties of the brain microenvironment induced by pathology. In this review, we discuss the biological and engineering aspects involved in studying neuromechanobiology within scaffold-free and scaffold-based 2D and 3D iPSC-based brain models and approaches employing primary lineages (neural/glial), cell lines and other stem cells. Finally, we discuss future experimental directions of engineered microenvironments in neuroscience.

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AFM vs. Nanoindentation: Nanomechanical properties of organic-rich Shale

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

Using Nanoindentation to Characterize the Mechanical and Creep Properties of Shale: Load and Loading Strain Rate Effects

Using Nanoindentation to Characterize the Mechanical and Creep Properties of Shale: Load and Loading Strain Rate Effects

The role of cellular traction forces in deciphering nuclear mechanics

Engineered cell culture microenvironments for mechanobiology studies of brain neural cells

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