AFM Single Molecule Experiments at the Solid−Liquid Interface:  In Situ Conformation of Adsorbed Flexible Polyelectrolyte Chains

Roiter, Yuri; Minko, Sergiy

doi:10.1021/ja0558239

Cited by 164 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…(2011a) showed darker tones in order of submicrometer sizes (Ahmad et al, 2011b). Roiter and Minko (2005) reported the appearances of real linear polymer chains in liquid state on a surface as recorded using an atomic force microscope have contour length of about 204 nm (Roiter and Minko, 2005). This size might be related to the size of "bulk amorphous island" of the polymer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

A General Formula for Ion Concentration-Dependent Electrical Conductivities in Polymer Electrolytes

Aji¹

2012

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement:The aim of this study is to develop a model for describing the effect of ion concentration on the electrical conductivity of polymer electrolytes by considering two mechanisms simultaneously: Enhancements of ion concentration and amorphous phase. Approach: The problems based on new observations in polymer electrolyte when ion concentration in the polymer electrolytes was increased, both the fraction of amorphous phase and the charge carriers increase simultaneously. The model was based on the assumption when ions were inserted into the polymer host, there was an optimum distance between ions at which the ions move easily throughout the polymer. The average distance between ions in the polymer depends on the ion concentration. And we also considered the effect of ion concentration on the amorphous phase in the polymer. Results: We inspected the validity of the model by comparing the model predictions with various experimental data. The new analytical expressions for the electrical conductivity dependent of ion concentration was developed by considering two mechanisms simultaneously in polymer electrolytes, i.e., enhancement of the carries concentration and amorphous phase fraction. Interestingly, most of fitting parameters were not arbitrarily selected, but were derived from the appropriate experimental data. Conclusion: The model can be used to explain the conductivity behavior of other polymer electrolyte systems by selecting appropriately less number of parameters. This model result is fully supported by available experimental data.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

A General Formula for Ion Concentration-Dependent Electrical Conductivities in Polymer Electrolytes

Aji¹

2012

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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“…They correspond to the energies needed to promote electrons from one energy level to another, higher, energy level. Atomic absorption spectrometry has many uses in different areas of chemistry [7]. Atoms of different elements absorb characteristic wavelengths of light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of some heavy elements in fly ash samples from thermal electric power stations in the middle and south of Iraq

Ahmed

2018

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. The objective of this present work is determining some heavy elements concentrations like (Cd, Co, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb & Zn) in thermal electric power stations in the middle and south of Iraq. 18 Fly Ash samples were collected from thermal electric power stations in the middle and south of Iraq ,the concentration values of (Cd, Zn , and Fe ,Mg, Cu) in some samples were over the international limits in the Fly Ash samples .In general the increasing of the heavy metals in some fly ash samples due to the releasing of these metals is the combustion of the fuel and fuel type which provides thermal electric power station different from units to other , and geology of the region collected samples from it and the geochemical characteristics of the crude oil.

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“…The AFM was invented with the intention of revealing sample detail on the atomic level, and has reached this goal. [5][6][7] Our goal is to produce quality images on a larger scale than existing AFMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long range voice coil atomic force microscope

Barnard

Randall

Bridges

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Most current atomic force microscopes (AFMs) use piezoelectric ceramics for scan actuation. Piezoelectric ceramics provide precision motion with fast response to applied voltage potential. A drawback to piezoelectric ceramics is their inherently limited ranges. For many samples this is a nonissue, as imaging the nanoscale details is the goal. However, a key advantage of AFM over other microscopy techniques is its ability to image biological samples in aqueous buffer. Many biological specimens have topography for which the range of piezoactuated stages is limiting, a notable example of which is bone. In this article, we present the use of voice coils in scan actuation for an actuation range in the Z-axis an order of magnitude larger than any AFM commercially available today. The increased scan size will allow for imaging an important new variety of samples, including bone fractures.

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AFM Single Molecule Experiments at the Solid−Liquid Interface: In Situ Conformation of Adsorbed Flexible Polyelectrolyte Chains

Cited by 164 publications

References 17 publications

A General Formula for Ion Concentration-Dependent Electrical Conductivities in Polymer Electrolytes

A General Formula for Ion Concentration-Dependent Electrical Conductivities in Polymer Electrolytes

Concentrations of some heavy elements in fly ash samples from thermal electric power stations in the middle and south of Iraq

The long range voice coil atomic force microscope

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