AFM imaging of fenestrated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

Braet, Filip; Wisse, Eddie

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2012.02.010

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This is not surprising since our data suggest that the major site of action of MMP9 is potentially in the endothelium. The liver was not affected possibly due to the fact that the liver has fenestrated sinusoidal endothelia cells [42, 43], and therefore is possibly less susceptible to dysfunctional endothelia. While the ability of insulin to suppress plasma NEFA levels was not affected, adipose tissue glucose uptake was decreased in the HF-fed male mmp9 −/− mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 opposes diet-induced muscle insulin resistance in mice

Mayes

James

et al. 2013

Diabetologia

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AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Increased extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen is a characteristic of muscle insulin resistance. MMP9 is a primary enzyme that degrades collagen IV (ColIV). As a component of the basement membrane, ColIV plays a key role in ECM remodeling. The hypotheses that genetic deletion of MMP9 in mice 1) increases muscle ColIV, 2) induces insulin resistance in lean mice, and 3) worsens diet-induced muscle insulin resistance were tested. METHODS Wild type (mmp9+/+) and MMP9 null (mmp9−/−) mice were chow or high fat (HF) fed for 16wks. Insulin action was measured by the hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp in conscious weight-matched surgically catheterized mice. RESULTS mmp9−/− and HF feeding independently increased muscle ColIV. ColIV in HF-fed mmp9−/− was further increased. mmp9−/− did not affect fasting insulin or glucose in chow- or HF-fed mice. Glucose infusion rate (GIR), endogenous glucose appearance (EndoRa) and glucose disappearance (Rd) rates, and a muscle glucose metabolic index (Rg) were the same in chow-fed mmp9+/+ and mmp9−/−. In contrast, HF-fed mmp9−/− decreased GIR, insulin-stimulated increase in Rd, and muscle Rg. Insulin-stimulated suppression of EndoRa was however, remained the same between HF-fed mmp9−/− and mmp9+/+. Decreased muscle Rg in HF-fed mmp9−/− was associated with decreased muscle capillaries. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Despite increased muscle ColIV, genetic deletion of MMP9 does not induce insulin resistance in lean mice. In contrast, it results in a more profound insulin resistant state, specifically in skeletal muscle in HF-fed mice. These results highlight the importance of ECM remodeling in determining muscle insulin resistance in the presence of HF diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 opposes diet-induced muscle insulin resistance in mice

Mayes

James

et al. 2013

Diabetologia

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“…In most of the publications, the structure of fenestrations in LSECs was described in fixed cells using electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) or recently super‐resolution optical microscopy . However, in fixed (especially fixed‐dried) cells, the structure of fenestrations might be altered .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, because of the submicron size of fenestrations, combined with the fragile structure of LSEC membrane, revealing the morphology of fenestrations in the live LSECs using AFM is difficult. Numerous attempts have been done in the last decades to measure fenestrations in live LSECs using AFM . Nevertheless, until today, successful imaging of fenestrations in live LSECs has never been shown, neither with AFM nor with any other microscopy technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and force probing of primary murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

Zapotoczny

Owczarczyk

Kuś

et al. 2017

J of Molecular Recognition

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Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) represent unique type of endothelial cells featured by their characteristic morphology, ie, lack of a basement membrane and presence of fenestrations-transmembrane pores acting as a dynamic filter between the vascular space and the liver parenchyma. Delicate structure of LSECs membrane combined with a submicron size of fenestrations hinders their visualization in live cells. In this work, we apply atomic force microscopy contact mode to characterize fenestrations in LSECs. We reveal the structure of fenestrations in live LSECs. Moreover, we show that the high-resolution imaging of fenestrations is possible for the glutaraldehyde-fixed LSECs. Finally, thorough information about the morphology of LSECs including great contrast in visualization of sieve plates and fenestrations is provided using Force Modulation mode. We show also the ability to precisely localize the cell nuclei in fixed LSECs. It can be helpful for more precise description of nanomechanical properties of cell nuclei using atomic force microscopy. Presented methodology combining high-quality imaging of fixed cells with an additional nanomechanical information of both live and fixed LSECs provides a unique approach to study LSECs morphology and nanomechanics that could foster understanding of the role of LSECs in maintaining liver homeostasis.

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“…Braet and Wisse have firstly presented a glimpse of fenestrae in living liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) 219 , as shown in Fig. 10.…”

Section: In Vitro Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale bio-platforms for living cell interrogation: current status and future perspectives

Chang

Chen

et al. 2016

Nanoscale

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The living cell is a complex entity that dynamically responds to both intracellular and extracellular environments. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the understanding intracellular functions orchestrated with mRNAs and proteins in investigation of the fate of a single-cell, including proliferation, apoptosis, motility, differentiation and mutations. The rapid development of modern cellular analysis techniques (e.g. PCR, western blotting, immunochemistry, etc.) offers new opportunities in quantitative analysis of RNA/protein expression up to a single cell level. The recent entries of nanoscale platforms that include kinds of methodologies with high spatial and temporal resolution have been widely employed to probe the living cells. In this tutorial review paper, we give insight into background introduction and technical innovation of currently reported nanoscale platforms for living cell interrogation. These highlighted technologies are documented in details within four categories, including nano-biosensors for label-free detection of living cells, nanodevices for living cell probing by intracellular marker delivery, high-throughput platforms towards clinical current, and the progress of microscopic imaging platforms for cell/tissue tracking in vitro and in vivo. Perspectives for system improvement were also discussed to solve the limitations remains in current techniques, for the purpose of clinical use in future.

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AFM imaging of fenestrated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

Cited by 28 publications

References 59 publications

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 opposes diet-induced muscle insulin resistance in mice

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 opposes diet-induced muscle insulin resistance in mice

Morphology and force probing of primary murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

Nanoscale bio-platforms for living cell interrogation: current status and future perspectives

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