“…AFM has been used by several research groups to investigate chromosomes (Hoshi and Ushiki, 2011), cell membranes (Suresh and Edwardson, 2010), proteins (Engel, 2011), DNA (Di Bucchianico et al, 2011), RNA structure (Heus et al, 2011), nucleic acid-protein complexes (Miklaszewska et al, 2004), ligand-receptor binding (Odorico et al, 2007), carbohydrates (Lesoil et al, 2010), lipids, living cells. The unique combination of high-resolution imaging and functionality in a physiological environment has made AFM useful for investigating living cells, including yeasts (Moreno-Herrero et al, 2001), bacteria (Lower, 2011), virally infected cells (Chen et al, 2011), and neurons (Ricci et al, 2011). There have been only a few published reports associated with the use of AFM to observe erythrocytes (Maciaszek and Lykotrafitis, 2011;O'Reilly et al, 2001;el-Shoura, 1993) and none of these studies focused on the morphological properties of different types of anemia.…”