AFM contribution to unveil pro- and eukaryotic cell mechanical properties

Kasas, Sandor; Stupar, Petar; Dietler, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.032

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…An in-depth description of AFM functioning principles is not in the scope of the present review. For a more detailed description of the AFM, the reader may refer to Dufrêne and Pelling (2013) and Kasas et al (2018) .…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deformations are recorded measuring the angular deflection of a laser beam aligned to the cantilever end on a multi-segment photodiode. Thus, while the tip raster scans the sample in the X-Y directions with very precise piezoelectric scanners, a detailed image of the 3-D topography of the sample is generated ( Kasas et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the discovery that the mechanical properties of single cells are closely related to cancer development has significantly increased the number of publications in this area. Many of these studies are based on the possibility of using AFM as an early cancer detection instrument, by exploiting the nano-mechanical modifications induced by cancer ( Kasas et al, 2018 ). AFM has been used in many studies on different cancer typologies (e.g., bladder, Abidine et al, 2015 ; cervix, Zhao et al, 2015 ; oral mucosa, Park et al, 2016 ; bone, Wang et al, 2016 ; prostate, Efremov et al, 2015 ; lung, Han et al, 2016 ; brain, Ciasca et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Characterization at the Cell Scale: Present and Prospects

et al. 2018

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The rapidly growing field of mechanobiology demands for robust and reproducible characterization of cell mechanical properties. Recent achievements in understanding the mechanical regulation of cell fate largely rely on technological platforms capable of probing the mechanical response of living cells and their physico–chemical interaction with the microenvironment. Besides the established family of atomic force microscopy (AFM) based methods, other approaches include optical, magnetic, and acoustic tweezers, as well as sensing substrates that take advantage of biomaterials chemistry and microfabrication techniques. In this review, we introduce the available methods with an emphasis on the most recent advances, and we discuss the challenges associated with their implementation.

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Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Characterization at the Cell Scale: Present and Prospects

et al. 2018

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“…Besides the imaging (size measurement) function on the nanoscale, force measurement is another major powerful function of AFM which allows the detection of biomechanical properties of nanometer-sized LDL particles. AFM has been widely applied to detect the biomechanical properties or changes of biological samples, such as cells and biomolecules [6,7]. Unfortunately, however, AFM detection of the biomechanical properties of plasma lipoproteins is poorly applied until now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic AFM detection of the oxidation-induced changes in size, stiffness, and stickiness of low-density lipoprotein

Wang

Luo

et al. 2020

J Nanobiotechnol

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Background Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is an important plasma lipoprotein transporting lipids to peripheral tissues/cells. The oxidation of LDL plays critical roles in atherogenesis and its oxidized form (oxLDL) is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis. The biomechanical properties of LDL/oxLDL are closely correlated with the disease. To date, however, the oxidation-induced changes in size and biomechanical properties (stiffness and stickiness) of LDL particles are less investigated. Methods In this study, copper-induced LDL oxidation was confirmed by detecting electrophoretic mobility, malondialdehyde production, and conjugated diene formation. Then, the topographical and biomechanical mappings of LDL particles before/after and during oxidation were performed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the size and biomechanical forces of particles were measured and quantitatively analyzed. Results Oxidation induced a significant decrease in size and stiffness (Young’s modulus) but a significant increase in stickiness (adhesion force) of LDL particles. The smaller, softer, and stickier characteristics of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) partially explains its pro-atherosclerotic role. Conclusions The data implies that LDL oxidation probably aggravates atherogenesis by changing the size and biomechanical properties of LDL particles. The data may provide important information for a better understanding of LDL/oxLDL and atherosclerosis.

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“…So far, studies on the mechano-chemical coupling have focused on cellular responses related to static extracellular stiffness (12) and topography (13), as well as on the direct mechanical stimulation of cells by fluid flow (14), micropipette aspiration (15) (16), optical tweezers (17), optical stretchers (18), atomic-force microscopes (19), and magnetically actuated particles (20). In most of those experiments local stress was applied to the cells that resulted in a highly sensitive cellular response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypergravity affects Cell Traction Forces of Fibroblasts

Eckert

Loon²,

Eng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cells sense and react on changes of the mechanical properties of their environment, and likewise respond to external mechanical stress applied to them. Whether the gravitational field, as overall body force, modulates cellular behavior is however unclear. Different studies demonstrated that micro-and hypergravity influences the shape and elasticity of cells, initiate cytoskeleton reorganization, and influence cell motility. All these cellular properties are interconnected, and contribute to forces that cells apply on their surrounding microenvironment. Yet, studies that investigated changes of cell traction forces under hypergravity conditions are scarce. Here we performed hypergravity experiments on 3T3 fibroblast cells using the Large Diameter Centrifuge at the European Space and Technology Centre (ESA-ESTEC). cells were exposed to hypergravity of up to 19.5g for 16 h in both the upright and the inverted orientation with respect to the g-force vector. We observed a decrease in cellular traction forces when the gravitational field was increased up to 5.4g, followed by an increase of traction forces for higher gravity fields up to 19.5g independent of the orientation of the gravity vector. We attribute the switch in cellular response to shear-thinning at low g-forces, followed by significant rearrangement and enforcement of the cytoskeleton at high g-forces.SIGNIFICANCE The behavior of cells critically depend on the mechanical properties of their environment. For example external stresses and strains lead to decisions in cell differentiation as well as to collective-migration in metastasis. Gravity, as a permanently acting body force, is one of those externs stresses. We demonstrate the impact of gravitational challenges on forces that cells apply to their environment. We observed a switch in cellular response with a decrease in cell traction forces for low bypgrarayiv. conditions, followed by a significant increase in cell traction forces at higher g-level. This particular cellular response reflects a switch in croskeletal organization, similar to that observed for cells in fluids where shear forces act.

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AFM contribution to unveil pro- and eukaryotic cell mechanical properties

Cited by 34 publications

References 93 publications

Biomechanical Characterization at the Cell Scale: Present and Prospects

Biomechanical Characterization at the Cell Scale: Present and Prospects

Dynamic AFM detection of the oxidation-induced changes in size, stiffness, and stickiness of low-density lipoprotein

Hypergravity affects Cell Traction Forces of Fibroblasts

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