Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus parasiticus present in the diet of quails increase the activities of cholinesterase and adenosine deaminase

Silva, Aleksandro S. Da; Santurio, Jânio M.; Roza, Lenilson F; Bottari, Nathieli B.; Galli, Gabriela M.; Morsch, Vera Maria; Schetinger, Maria Rosa Chitolina; Baldissera, Matheus D.; Stefani, Lenita M.; Radavelli, Willian M.; Tomasi, Thainã; Boiago, Marcel Manente

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.041

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While performance was altered by consumption of lower levels of mycotoxins, the measured blood parameters were minimally impacted by the presence of mycotoxins or YCWE except for ADA on day 21 which was increased in broilers fed MT. An increase in the enzyme ADA can indicate the presence of tissue damage and can play a role in inflammation due to its potential effect in decreasing adenosine, an anti-inflammatory molecule [ 20 ]. Aflatoxin consumption was shown by da Silva et al [ 20 ] to increase ADA in quails, while Lautert et al [ 21 ] showed that other mycotoxins may reduce ADA activity in chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in the enzyme ADA can indicate the presence of tissue damage and can play a role in inflammation due to its potential effect in decreasing adenosine, an anti-inflammatory molecule [ 20 ]. Aflatoxin consumption was shown by da Silva et al [ 20 ] to increase ADA in quails, while Lautert et al [ 21 ] showed that other mycotoxins may reduce ADA activity in chickens. In our research, it was observed that the consumption of mycotoxins could have played a role in increasing ADA, and subsequently causing tissue damage, although this effect was only detected on day 21 and not at the end of the trial on day 42.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Chronic Levels of Naturally Multi-Contaminated Feed with Fusarium Mycotoxins on Broiler Chickens and Evaluation of the Mitigation Properties of Different Titers of Yeast Cell Wall Extract

Weaver

King

Verax

et al. 2020

Toxins

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The chronic intake of naturally multi-mycotoxin contaminated feed by broilers with or without titers of Yeast Cell Wall Extract (YCWE, a.k.a Mycosorb A+®), was investigated. Day-old male Cobb chicks (1600 birds, 64 pens, 25 birds/pen) were randomly allocated to diets of control (CON); diet containing mycotoxins (MT); CON + 0.2% YCWE; MT + 0.025% YCWE; MT + 0.05% YCWE; MT + 0.1% YCWE; MT + 0.2% YCWE; and MT + 0.4% YCWE. Growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and gut health were recorded over 42 days. Compared with CON, MT had reduced body weight (BW) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) on days 35 and 42 with increased duodenal crypt depth and fewer goblet cells. Furthermore, European Poultry Production Efficiency (EPEF) was reduced for MT versus CON. Feeding MT + 0.2% YCWE improved BW, lowered FCR, reduced crypt depth, increased goblet cell count and improved EPEF. Considering titration of YCWE (0 to 0.4%) during mycotoxin challenge, a cubic effect was observed for FCR with NC + 0.2% YCWE having the lowest FCR. These findings suggest that chronic consumption of multiple Fusarium mycotoxins present in common field concentrations can negatively impact broiler performance and gut health while inclusion of YCWE, particularly 0.2%, could be effective in counteracting mycotoxins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Chronic Levels of Naturally Multi-Contaminated Feed with Fusarium Mycotoxins on Broiler Chickens and Evaluation of the Mitigation Properties of Different Titers of Yeast Cell Wall Extract

Weaver

King

Verax

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…Although growth performance was impaired by AFB 1 , Ex‐TRP (almost two times concentration of the recommended levels by NRC, : 2.2 g/kg of diet) could restored G:F, FI (about 7.0%), BW gain (about 1.7%) and dressing (about 3.0%) in quails received 2.5 mg AFB 1 /kg of diet. da Silva et al () suggested that an increase in the cholinergic and adenosinergic system of intoxicated quails by AFB 1 might be the reason for the inflammatory process and tissue damage, especially in the liver and gut tissues. Liver is the main detoxifying organ which could be affected by the harmful toxins entering the body through feed, and the liver damage could be diagnosed by high concentrations of the hepatic enzymes in blood (Balachandran & Ramarkrishnan, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess dietary tryptophan mitigates aflatoxicosis in growing quails

khanipour

Mehri

Kasmani

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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A biological assay was carried out to evaluate the impact of dietary tryptophan (TRP) in aflatoxin B1‐contaminated diets (AFB1‐D) on performance, blood parameters, immunity, meat quality and microbial populations of intestine in Japanese quails. Six experimental diets were formulated to include two levels of dietary TRP; 2.9 (moderate high: MH‐TRP) and 4.9 g/kg (excess: Ex‐TRP); and three levels of AFB1 (0.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg). Each experimental diet was fed to the one of the six groups of birds from 7 to 35 days of age in a completely randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Decrease in feed intake, body weight gain and gain:feed in birds fed 5.0 mg/kg AFB1‐D was restored to the control level by 4.9 g TRP/kg of the diet. The hepatic enzymes in blood were elevated in quails fed on AFB1‐D but attenuated by 4.9 g TRP/kg of the diet (Ex‐TRP; p ≤ .01). High serum uric acid in birds challenged with AFB1 significantly decreased by Ex‐TRP (p ≤ .01). The skin thickness to 2,4‐dinitro‐1‐chlorobenzene challenge suppressed by AFB1 but increased by Ex‐TRP diet (p ≤ .02). The AFB1 increased the malondialdehyde in meat, whereas TRP efficiently diminished malondialdehyde production (p ≤ .01). The greatest drip loss and pH in meat were observed in the birds fed 5.0 mg/kg AFB1‐D but Ex‐TRP augmented the adverse effects of AFB1 (p ≤ .01). The Ex‐TRP reduced the total microbial and Escherichia coli counts (p ≤ .01). The adverse effect of AFB1 on ileal Lactic acid bacteria was completely prevented by Ex‐TRP (p ≤ .03). This study showed that tryptophan supplementation could be considered as a powerful nutritional tool to ameliorate the adverse effects of AFB1 in growing quails.

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“…According to the UN food organization, at present, up to 30% of the total world harvest is contaminated with mycotoxins, and in Russia the share of infected feed can reach 80% of all harvested grain. Considering this, one or more mycotoxins constantly enter the body of animals with feed, which leads to the development of chronic poisoning and secondary immunodeficiency [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectrum of molecules of medium mass as endogenous intoxication indicator in quails with mycotoxicosis

et al. 2020

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The paper presents the results of determining the level of molecules of medium mass (MMM) in the blood serum of poultry with experimental mycotoxicosis. The study revealed a relationship between the concentration of MMM in the blood serum and the severity of the pathological process in poultry with different types of mycotoxicosis. The most pronounced changes occur in mycotoxicosis due to the combined intake of T-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1 into the poultry body, even when their concentration individually does not exceed the maximum permissible level. In this case, a significant increase in the concentration of MMM in the blood serum is recorded – in 1.8 times (λ = 254 nm) and in 2.2 times (λ = 280 nm), with an increase in the MMM distribution index. Next, according to the severity of endogenous intoxication, follows mycotoxicosis caused by aflatoxin B1, and the lowest values were recorded with T-2 toxicosis.

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Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus parasiticus present in the diet of quails increase the activities of cholinesterase and adenosine deaminase

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Impact of Chronic Levels of Naturally Multi-Contaminated Feed with Fusarium Mycotoxins on Broiler Chickens and Evaluation of the Mitigation Properties of Different Titers of Yeast Cell Wall Extract

Impact of Chronic Levels of Naturally Multi-Contaminated Feed with Fusarium Mycotoxins on Broiler Chickens and Evaluation of the Mitigation Properties of Different Titers of Yeast Cell Wall Extract

Excess dietary tryptophan mitigates aflatoxicosis in growing quails

The spectrum of molecules of medium mass as endogenous intoxication indicator in quails with mycotoxicosis

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