Aflatoxins in the Lungs of Children With Kwashiorkor and Children With Miscellaneous Diseases in Nigeria

Oyelami, Oyeku Akibu; Maxwell, S. M.; Adelusola, Kayode A; Aladekoma, T. A.; Oyelese, A O

doi:10.1080/00984109708984048

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Also undernourished children have a combination of factors that adversely affect their ability to mount an adequate protective function against invading pathogens. These include impaired respiratory effort from muscle hy-potonia, diminished muco-ciliary activities in the respiratory tracts, atrophy of the thymus, and recticuloendothelial organs, lack of trace elements and vitamins, some degree of microcardia and flabby heart [20,21], as well as increased titre of aflatoxins in their lung tissues [22]. These will lead to reduced elimination rate of pathogens and such children might succumb easily to the infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for mortality in childhood pneumonia in a rural West African region

Kuti

Adegoke

Ebruke

et al. 2015

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Pneumonia is a major killer of children worldwide. It is responsible for 19% of under-tlve-year-old mortality, of which 70% occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia. A substantial proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia is caused by failure to recognise factors at presentation that affect prognosis. The present study was aimed to assess for factors at presentation that determine mortality among children with WHO ARl defined severe pneumonia. This was a prospective observational study of consecutive children aged 2 to 59 months admitted with severe pneumonia at a major health centre in rural Gambia to determine the risk factors for mortality using logistic regression analysis. Four hundred and twenty (27.6%) out of the 1517 underfive admissions during the study period fulftlled the criteria of severe pneumonia using the WHO ARl criteria. Fifteen of the 420 cases died giving case fatality of 36 per 1000 admissions, with pneumonia accounting for 21.4% of all 70 deaths during the period. Although age ranges 12-23 months and 36-47 months, overcrowding, hypothermia at presentation, oedematous PEM, severe wasting, grunting respiration, convulsion, somnolence and hypoxaemia were signiftcantly associated with mortality (/> < 0.05); only convulsions ( OR = 16.64, 95% CI 1.028-1.033) and severe wasting (OR = 5.05, 95% Cl 1.459-20.484,) were independent determinants of mortality. We conclude that children with severe pneumonia who in addition have severe wasting and convulsion are at increased risks of dying and should be managed in better equipped secondary or tertiary health facilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for mortality in childhood pneumonia in a rural West African region

Kuti

Adegoke

Ebruke

et al. 2015

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…Aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins in peanut and peanut-based products are recognized as an important issue in Ghana because aflatoxins are known to be responsible for a number of disease conditions in humans and animals (Enomoto and Saito, 1972;Hendrickse et al, 1982;Oyelami et al, 1997). Among the post-harvest measures thought to be useful for managing aflatoxigenic fungal growth and aflatoxin production is drying the crop to moisture levels of ca.…”

Section: Peanut (Arachis Hypogaeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Fungal Colonization of Stored Peanut Kernels with Products from Some Medicinal/Culinary Plants

Awuah

1999

Peanut Science

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Products from five medicinal/culinary plants-Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel oil, Cymbopogon nardus leaf oil, Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder, Xylopia aethiopica fruit powder, and Syzigium aromaticum clove powderwere tested for activity against fungal colonization of stored peanut. The natural microflora of kernels were supplemented with a norsolorinic acid (NOR) mutant of Aspergillus parasiticus before treatment with the vari ous plant products. Treated kernels were stored at 5.7% moisture content in mini-polyethylene bags for 11 mo. Of the five plant products, the Syzigium clove powder proved to be most efficacious. After 4 mo storage, a low colony-forming unit (CFU) value of 0.601 log units of NOR A. parasiticus was recorded per gram of kernels treated with the powder. Significantly higher CFU values (P < 0.05) were associated with kernels that received no plant product (3.099 log units) and kernels treated with the other plant products( 1.459-2.930 log units). CFU of total fungi, superficial fungal growth, internal kernel discoloration, and fungal growth/sporulation on the internal surfaces of the cotyledons also were suppressed by the Syzigium powder after 11 mo. The Citrus oil and the Ocimum leaf powder were moderately effective, being similar to each other in several storage parameters. The Cymbopogon leaf oil was the least effective of the plant materials tested. In a test tube experiment, the Syzigium and Ocimum powders were more efficacious when mixed with stored peanut kernels than when separated from kernels with a piece of mos quito-proof screen. The optimum rates of the two powders for preventing superficial fungal growth on kernels at 8% moisture in mini-polyethylene bags at 28 C were 150 and 100 g/kg of kernels, respectively, for Syzigium and Ocimum. At these rates, 93 and 56% of kernels treated with the Syzigium and Ocimum pow ders, respectively, were free from superficial fungal growth after 4 mo. These results point to the potential of the two powders, especially Syzigium, for preventing mold growth and possibly aflatoxin production in stored peanut.

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“…Aflatoxin is a natural secondary metabolite produced by fungi, mainly of the Aspergillus (A) group, such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. These metabolites are carcinogenic compounds (mycotoxins) [5,6] found in staple foods such as maize and groundnuts and acute exposure to humans causes aflatoxicosis [7]. A considerable number of people have suffered aflatoxicosic risks in India (1974) and Kenya with reported 233 deaths [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin levels in seeds of commonly grown groundnut varieties (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Ghana as influenced by storage method

Yeboah¹,

Agriculture²,

Ahiakpa³

et al. 2020

AJFAND

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Quality seeds of improved local genotypes is an important input for increasing the productivity of groundnut in Ghana. The existing means of meeting groundnut seed requirements, especially by smallholder farmers, have serious challenges with timely supply and access to these improved genotypes as a result of the limited participation of the private sector and the self-pollinated nature of the crop. Smallholder farmers who take the initiative to store their own seeds, have challenges with storage fungi and aflatoxin contamination. Farmers' groundnut seed stocks have shown that improvement in seed quality and farmers' seed management requires maintaining healthy seed stock. Toxicogenic fungi and mycotoxins have been reported in several human and animal health disorders and are major contaminants of groundnut seeds during storage. Some level of success has, however, been achieved from earlier studies to evaluate the efficacy of some plant botanicals for preserving shelled groundnuts. However, for smallholder on-farm safety, such phyto-based preservation methods rather reduce groundnut seed embryo vigour and germination rates. Designing and developing economically appropriate storage solution (practices) for maintaining seed integrity for use requires evidence-based research and an eco-friendly approach. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing the efficacy of using jute bag (JB) and interlaced polyethylene jute bag (IPJB) combinations for the storage of groundnut seeds (varieties) against fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination under ambient storage conditions. The study was undertaken at

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Aflatoxins in the Lungs of Children With Kwashiorkor and Children With Miscellaneous Diseases in Nigeria

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Risk factors for mortality in childhood pneumonia in a rural West African region

Risk factors for mortality in childhood pneumonia in a rural West African region

Inhibition of Fungal Colonization of Stored Peanut Kernels with Products from Some Medicinal/Culinary Plants

Aflatoxin levels in seeds of commonly grown groundnut varieties (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Ghana as influenced by storage method

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