Aflatoxins in the Era of Climate Change: The Mediterranean Experience

Daou, Rouaa; Assaf, Jean Claude; Khoury, A.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.108534

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…The industrial revolution has contributed to the growing amount of pollutants in the atmosphere, such as fossil fuel emissions from factories and greenhouse gas emissions. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere is the leading cause of global warming and climate change [ 121 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Climate Change On Mycotoxin Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the Mediterranean region is expected to experience an increase in drought frequency and intensity, a decrease in precipitation in the eastern Mediterranean, and a temperature increase of 2–3 °C. The number of hot days with temperatures exceeding 30 °C is also projected to increase in several countries, including Spain, Morocco, Algeria, central Italy, the Balkans, and central Turkey [ 121 ]. This could increase the frequency of Aspergillus species and AF contamination in the region.…”

Section: Impact Of Climate Change On Mycotoxin Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Dried Fruits Worldwide, with a Focus on Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A: A Review

González-Curbelo,

Kabak

2023

Toxins

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Dried fruits are popular and nutritious snacks consumed worldwide due to their long shelf life and concentrated nutrient content. However, fruits can be contaminated with various toxigenic fungal species during different stages, including cultivation, harvesting, processing, drying, and storage. Consequently, these products may contain high levels of mycotoxins. This risk is particularly pronounced in developed countries due to the impact of climate change. Several factors contribute to mycotoxin production, including the type of fruit, geographical location, climate conditions, harvest treatments, and storage management practices. The main mycotoxins in dried fruits are aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA), which can induce human health problems and economic losses. Mycotoxin contamination can vary significantly depending on the geographic origin of dried fruits (vine fruits, figs, dates, apricots, prunes, and mulberries). The aim of this review was to fill the knowledge gap by consolidating data from various regions to understand the global picture and identify regions with higher contamination risks. By consolidating research from various origins and stages of the supply chain, the review intends to shed light on potential contamination events during pre-harvest, drying, storage, and trading, while also highlighting the effects of storage conditions and climate change on mycotoxin contamination.

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Section: Impact Of Climate Change On Mycotoxin Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Climate Change On Mycotoxin Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Dried Fruits Worldwide, with a Focus on Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A: A Review

González-Curbelo,

Kabak

2023

Toxins

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“…Climatic events, such as in northern Italy, have already been seen throughout the last decade in maize-growing regions prior to aflatoxin outbreaks [ 80 ]. Furthermore, outbreaks are predicted to become more of a threat with climate change, especially in the Mediterranean basin, which was highlighted to be warming 20% faster than the global average [ 84 ].…”

Section: How Our Changing Agricultural Environments Influence the Myc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse mycotoxin threats to safe food and feed cereals

Latham,

Boyle,

Barbano

et al. 2023

Essays in Biochemistry

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Toxigenic fungi, including Aspergillus and Fusarium species, contaminate our major cereal crops with an array of harmful mycotoxins, which threaten the health of humans and farmed animals. Despite our best efforts to prevent crop diseases, or postharvest spoilage, our cereals are consistently contaminated with aflatoxins and deoxynivalenol, and while established monitoring systems effectively prevent acute exposure, Aspergillus and Fusarium mycotoxins still threaten our food security. This is through the understudied impacts of: (i) our chronic exposure to these mycotoxins, (ii) the underestimated dietary intake of masked mycotoxins, and (iii) the synergistic threat of cocontaminations by multiple mycotoxins. Mycotoxins also have profound economic consequences for cereal and farmed-animal producers, plus their associated food and feed industries, which results in higher food prices for consumers. Climate change and altering agronomic practices are predicted to exacerbate the extent and intensity of mycotoxin contaminations of cereals. Collectively, this review of the diverse threats from Aspergillus and Fusarium mycotoxins highlights the need for renewed and concerted efforts to understand, and mitigate, the increased risks they pose to our food and feed cereals.

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Inhibition of Aflatoxin B1 by Aqueous extract from Green Cardamom

Elmahgubi,

Khalifa,

Agena

et al. 2024

LJMR

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Aflatoxin B1 is a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus section Flavi during their development, is one of the most dangerous mycotoxins identified to date, that may contaminate many commodities, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Aflatoxin B1 is believed to be the most essential member of this family of mycotoxins, due to its carcinogenic properties in humans and animals. However, there are many strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamination in which some of them are based on the use of natural compounds that may able to minimize the toxin synthesis pathways. Aims: The current work aimed to identify specific compounds from Green Cardamom that expected to interfere with aflatoxin production pathway. Methodology: The adapted method was based on the incubation of fungal culture with different concentrations of the aqueous extraction of Green Cardamom. Results: The aqueous extract of Green Cardamom was able to inhibit Fungal growth and Aflatoxin B1 production by the toxigenic strain of Aspergillus Flavus in a dose-dependent manner. Discussion: the reduction of Aflatoxin B1 production was significantly higher (94.34%) in comparison with other plant extracts such as Caffeine (50%), and reduced fungal growth with an average of (4%) compared to control. Conclusion: Aqueous Extracts of Green Cardamom show an obvious reduction in inhibition synthesis of Aflatoxin B1 by toxigenic Aspergillus strain, the adapted method was effective, but even further investigation is still recommended.

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Aflatoxins in the Era of Climate Change: The Mediterranean Experience

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Dried Fruits Worldwide, with a Focus on Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A: A Review

Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Dried Fruits Worldwide, with a Focus on Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A: A Review

Diverse mycotoxin threats to safe food and feed cereals

Inhibition of Aflatoxin B1 by Aqueous extract from Green Cardamom

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