Aflatoxins contamination in nuts for direct human consumption: analytical findings from three years of official control in Italy

Vita, Valeria; Franchino, Cinzia; Iammarino, Marco; Pace, Rita De

doi:10.1111/ijfs.15723

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[36] Among the aflatoxins, AFB1 is the most hepatocarcinogenic and hepatotoxic and occurs as a contaminant in a variety of foods. [37] So far, many methods, including traditional high-performance liquid chromatography, [38][39][40] enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [41][42][43] and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, [44][45][46] have been proposed to detect AFB1. However, they are generally time-consuming, require expensive equipment and dangerous chemicals and are laborintensive.…”

Section: Detection Of Afb1 By the Toroidal Dipole Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz toroidal dipole metamaterial sensors for detection of aflatoxin B1

Ouyang

Duan

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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Terahertz metamaterial biosensors have gained significant attention in the biological field due to their label-free, real-time and in-situ detection advantages. In this paper, a highly sensitive metamaterial sensor with semi-ring mirror symmetry based on toroidal dipole resonance was designed for a new metamaterial biosensor. It is shown that 337.5 GHz/RIU refractive index sensitivity can be achieved under the analyte of saturated thickness near 1.33 THz transmission dip. For biosensor samples where aflatoxin B1 was spotted on the metamaterial surface in our experiment, the dip amplitudes of transmission varying from 0.1904 to 0.203, 0.2093 were observed as aflatoxin B1 concentrations alter from 0 to 0.001 μg/mL, 0.01 μg/mL respectively. Furthermore, when aflatoxin B1 concentrations are 0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL,10 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, dip amplitudes of 0.2179, 0.226, 0.2384, 0.2527 and dip redshifts of 10.1 GHz, 20.1 GHz, 27.7 GHz, 37.6 GHz are separately provided. These results illustrate high-sensitivity and label-free detection of aflatoxin B1, enriching the applications of sensors in the terahertz domain.

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Section: Detection Of Afb1 By the Toroidal Dipole Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz toroidal dipole metamaterial sensors for detection of aflatoxin B1

Ouyang

Duan

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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“…Nevertheless, spices are prone to be contaminated with various contaminants, including mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins [ 3 ]. The susceptibility of other foodstuffs such as nuts, cereals, peanuts, maize and rice was also reported worldwide [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Mycotoxigenic fungi are able to produce naturally occurring toxic metabolites in these commodities known as mycotoxins if the storage conditions are favourable to the fungal growth [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Identification and Mycotoxigenic Potential of Fungi in Common Spices Used in Local Malaysian Cuisines

Nordin

Samsudin

Effarizah

et al. 2022

Foods

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Spices are widely used in various cuisines in Malaysia to enhance the flavour and aroma. However, spices are susceptible to fungal infection, leading to mycotoxin contamination if the storage conditions are favourable for fungal growth. Thus, this study aimed to identify fungal species in spices commonly used in local Malaysian cuisines and determine their prevalence and mycotoxigenic potential. A total of 110 spice samples consisting of cumin, fennel, coriander, peppers (black pepper and white pepper), chillies (dried chilli, chilli paste and chilli powder), cinnamon, star anise, cloves, curry powder and korma powder were randomly purchased from retail markets in Penang. The samples were analysed for the total fungal count (ground spices) and the incidence of fungal infection (whole spices). The fungal species isolated from spices were identified based on morphological and molecular approaches, and the mycotoxigenic potential was determined using the Coconut Cream Agar method. The results showed that coriander seeds (ground) recorded the highest total fungal count (ADM 3.08 log CFU/g; DG18 3.14 log CFU/g), while black pepper (whole) recorded the highest incidence of fungal infection (94%). Interestingly, star anise and cloves were free from fungal contamination. The mycotoxigenic fungi of A. flavus and A. niger recorded the highest isolation frequency in ground and whole spices. These findings indicate the risk of mycotoxin exposure to consumers due to the high consumption of spices in local Malaysian cuisine.

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“…The mycotoxins considered the most significant in food safety monitoring programs are Aflatoxins (AFs), which are secondary metabolites mainly produced by certain fungi such as Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus parasiticus , and Aspergillus nomius ; Deoxynivalenol (DON), Zearalenone (ZEA), and Fumonisins (FUMO) produced by Fusarium fungi; and Ochratoxin A (OCRA) and T-2/HT-2 toxins produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus fungi. The main toxins produced by these fungi are thermostable, so they can exist as residue in animal feed after production for long durations [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Animal Feed Contamination by Mycotoxins: Results of Five Years of Official Control by an Accredited Italian Laboratory

Franchino,

Vita,

Iammarino

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Mycotoxin contamination of animal feed is a complex issue in both animal wellness and food safety. The most diffused mycotoxins subject to the official control of animal feed are Aflatoxin B1 (AF), Zearalenone (ZEA), Deoxynivalenol (DON), Ochratoxin A (OCRA), Fumonisins (FUMO), and T-2/HT-2 toxins. This work describes the results of five years of monitoring focused on the evaluation of mycotoxin contamination of animal feed. Analytical determinations were carried out by means of accredited ELISA. The obtained results showed a non-alarming scenario, with several samples resulting as “non-compliant” according to the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) set in European Regulation No. 574/2011. Out of 722 analyzed samples coming from 2 Italian regions, Apulia and Basilicata, 14 samples were characterized by mycotoxin concentrations higher than related MRL; in particular, 5, 4, and 5 non-compliant samples for DON, AF, and ZEA, respectively. This study also evaluated the possible correlations between mycotoxin type and feed use with a special focus on animal sensitivity to mycotoxins.

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Aflatoxins contamination in nuts for direct human consumption: analytical findings from three years of official control in Italy

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Terahertz toroidal dipole metamaterial sensors for detection of aflatoxin B1

Terahertz toroidal dipole metamaterial sensors for detection of aflatoxin B1

Prevalence, Identification and Mycotoxigenic Potential of Fungi in Common Spices Used in Local Malaysian Cuisines

Monitoring of Animal Feed Contamination by Mycotoxins: Results of Five Years of Official Control by an Accredited Italian Laboratory

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