Aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk in Portugal: Assessment of human and animal exposure

Duarte, Sofia; Almeida, Anabela; Teixeira, A. S.; Pereira, A.L.; Falcão, Amı́lcar; Pena, Angelina; Lino, Celeste M.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.08.002

Cited by 114 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A more recent study in the Greater Addis Ababa reported a high incidence of AFM1 in milk where over 90% of the milk samples contained aflatoxin M1 levels exceeding the European Union limit of 0.05 μg/l [23]. Previous studies by [24] and [25] recorded lower incidences of AFM1 in milk in comparison to this with samples above the EU maximum limits at 36.2%, 20% and 5% respectively. Studies conducted in Kenya in fresh milk collected from urban centers had levels that were lower comparable to present study where only 20% of the milk from dairy farmers had levels exceeding WHO/FAO levels of 0.05 ppb [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Langat¹,

Tetsuhiro²,

Gonoi³

et al. 2016

AiM

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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a major carcinogenic compound that may be found in milk and dairy products resulting from ingestion of aflatoxin B1 by dairy animals. The study aimed at determining the level of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products from Bomet County. A total of 185 samples (150 raw milk and 35 processed milk and milk products) were randomly collected from milk collection sites and randomly selected milk kiosks respectively. The AFM1 was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit (Ridascreen, aflatoxin M1 R-Biopharm, Product code, R5812, Darmstadt, Germany). Out of 185 samples investigated, 156 samples were positive for AFM1, an overall contamination rate of 84.32%. The samples with levels higher than the tolerance limit of 0.05 μg/l recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) limits were 43.8% mainly contributed by the raw milk compared to processed milk (52.0% versus 8.6%). Processed milk had insignificant level of contamination with aflatoxin M1 (Median 0.00 (IQR: 0.00, 0.00 μg/l) with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 0.69 μg/l. Raw milk showed significant contamination, median 0.09 (IQR: 0.00, 0.50) μg/l with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 2.93 μg/l. Although there was no significant differences in AFM1 levels with study sites (P = 0.217); the median levels of aflatoxin M1 was high in sites 1, 3, and 7. The sites that had median aflatoxin M1 levels below the WHO/FAO acceptable limits of 0.05 μg/l were sites 2, 4 and 6. Due to high incidence of AFM1 contamination of milk and milk samples in Bomet County, there is need for regular monitoring and regulation of AFM1 contamination in milk and its products in the County. G. Langat et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Langat¹,

Tetsuhiro²,

Gonoi³

et al. 2016

AiM

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“…Oleh sebab itu, prevalensi cemaran AFB1 100% pada sampel hati akan berakibat tingginya kemungkinan paparan AFB1 terhadap konsumen. Duarte et al (2013) menyatakan bahwa konsumsi harian aflatoksin kurang dari 1 ng/kg berat badan dapat menyebabkan resiko terjadinya kanker hati.…”

Section: Cemaran Aflatoksin Pada Produk Itik Alabiounclassified

AFLATOXINS CONTAMINATION IN FEED AND PRODUCTS OF ALABIO DUCK (Anas platyrinchos borneo) COLLECTED FROM SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

et al. 2017

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“…All published immunochemical techniques can be divided in instrumental methods and non-instrumental tests. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [9,[11][12], ultrasensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay [13], flow-injection immunoassay with amperometric detection [14] and different kinds of sensors [15][16] were described. ELISA was even included in ISO guidelines [17] and used for legal purposes (but it requires confirmation by a reference technique).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liposomes loaded with quantum dots for ultrasensitive on-site determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk products

et al. 2013

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A quantitative fluorescence labeled immunosorbent assay (FLISA) and qualitative onsite column tests were developed for the determination of aflatoxin M1 (AfM1) in milk products. The use of quantum dots (QD) loaded liposomes as a label significantly increased the assay sensitivity by encapsulating multiple QD in a single liposome and, therefore, amplifying the analytical signal.Two different techniques were compared to obtain aflatoxin-protein conjugates, used for further coupling with the liposomes. The influence of non-specific interactions of the obtained liposomes-labeled conjugates with the surface of microtiter plates and column cartridges was evaluated and discussed. The limit of detection for FLISA was 0.014 µg kg -1 .For qualitative on-site tests the cut-off was set at 0.05 µg kg -1 taking into account the EU maximum level for aflatoxin M1 in raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk for the manufacture of milk based product. The direct addition of labeled conjugate in the milk samples resulted in an additional decrease of analysis time.An intra-laboratory validation was performed with sterilized milk and cream samples artificially spiked with AfM1 at concentrations less, equal and more than the cut-off level. It was shown that milk products could be analyzed without any sample preparation, just diluted with the buffer. The rates for false positive and false negative results were below 5% (2.6% and 3.3%, respectively).

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Aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk in Portugal: Assessment of human and animal exposure

Cited by 114 publications

References 37 publications

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

AFLATOXINS CONTAMINATION IN FEED AND PRODUCTS OF ALABIO DUCK (Anas platyrinchos borneo) COLLECTED FROM SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Liposomes loaded with quantum dots for ultrasensitive on-site determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk products

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