Aflatoxin M1 detection in raw milk and drinking milk in Hungary by ELISA − A one-year survey

Buzás, Henrietta; Szabó-Sárvári, Loretta  Csilla; Szabó, Katalin; Nagy-Kovács, Katalin; Bukovics, Solveig; Süle, Judit; Szafner, Gábor; Hucker, Attila; Kocsis, Róbert; Kovács, Attila

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105368

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This study revealed that the highest incidence of aflatoxin M1 in the raw milk samples was detected in the winter season. However, this was similar to several previous studies from several regions of Iran and also other countries [3,13,25,[37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Despite research efforts, many countries, including Algeria, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Croatia, Greece, Iran, Morocco, Pakistan, Sudan, Turkey, and some African countries, continue to report high levels of AFM1 contamination. Several studies in Iran have examined AFM1 levels in different dairy products, revealing instances of levels exceeding permissible limits [4,6,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Study of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow Milk on the Retail Dairy Market in Gorgan, Iran

Rahimzadeh Barzoki,

Faraji,

Beirami

et al. 2023

Dairy

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Milk and milk products are the main nutritional foods for all age groups, especially for infants and children. Milk may be dangerous to consume due to the presence of a harmful substance called Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The objective of this study was to assess the levels of AFM1 in milk, particularly those that exceed the standards set by the European Union (50 ng/L), the Food and Drug Administration (500 ng/L), and the Iranian National Standards Organization (100 ng/L). The study included one hundred and eighty samples of raw cow’s milk from various retail dairy markets in Gorgan, with 45 samples collected during each season. The level of Aflatoxin M1 in the samples was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. AFM1 was detected in 139 (72.2%) raw cow milk samples with a range of 3.5–357 ng/L. All of the samples collected had Aflatoxin M1 concentration levels that were below the maximum limit of 500 ng/L set by the FDA. However, 41 samples (22.7%) exceeded the EU’s limit of 50 ng/L, and 26 samples (14.4%) exceeded the INSO’s limit of 100 ng/L for Aflatoxin M1 in raw cow’s milk. The lowest and highest AFM1 levels of contamination were detected in the summer and winter seasons, which constituted 32 (71.1%) and 38 (84.4%) samples, respectively. The consumption of raw cow milk can lead to health risks for individuals from various age groups because regulatory limits are not being followed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Study of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow Milk on the Retail Dairy Market in Gorgan, Iran

Rahimzadeh Barzoki,

Faraji,

Beirami

et al. 2023

Dairy

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Elimination of aflatoxin M1 from milk: Current status, and potential outline of applicable mitigation procedures

Kolarič,

Minarovičová,

Lauková

et al. 2024

Trends in Food Science & Technology

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Development and validation of HPLC-FLD method for aflatoxin M₁ determination in milk and dairy products

Kolarič,

Šimko

2023

Acta Chimica Slovaca

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Milk and dairy products are the most consumed foods in human diet and their safety is in the attention centre of control authorities. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a dangerous toxin that can occur in milk and dairy products as a metabolite formed from aflatoxin B1 contained in contaminated animal feed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable method for the determination of AFM1 content in milk and dairy products based on HPLC with fluorescence detection employing immunoaffinity columns (IAC) pre-treatment. Optimal chromatographic separation of AFM1 was achieved using a water/acetonitrile mixture (80/20, v/v) as a mobile phase, column with C18 stationary phase maintained at 25 °C, and fluorescence detection at excitation wavelengths of 360 nm and emission of 440 nm. Efficacy of AFM1 extraction from the samples was found to be influenced by the elution agent composition. The best results were obtained using 1.25 mL of acetonitrile/methanol (3/2, v/v) and 1.25 mL of water. Validation parameters of the proposed method met the criteria set by the European legislation with the limits of detection and quantification at 0.002 and 0.007 µg/kg, respectively. Also, suitability of the method was confirmed by its application for AFM1 determination in certified reference material. Finally, the method was applied for AFM1 determination in 25 milk and dairy products collected in Slovakia; the AFM1 content was below the limit of quantification. It was concluded that the method is suitable for AFM1 content monitoring in milk and dairy products.

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Aflatoxin M1 detection in raw milk and drinking milk in Hungary by ELISA − A one-year survey

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Seasonal Study of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow Milk on the Retail Dairy Market in Gorgan, Iran

Seasonal Study of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow Milk on the Retail Dairy Market in Gorgan, Iran

Elimination of aflatoxin M1 from milk: Current status, and potential outline of applicable mitigation procedures

Development and validation of HPLC-FLD method for aflatoxin M₁ determination in milk and dairy products

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Aflatoxin M1 detection in raw milk and drinking milk in Hungary by ELISA − A one-year survey

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Seasonal Study of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow Milk on the Retail Dairy Market in Gorgan, Iran

Seasonal Study of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow Milk on the Retail Dairy Market in Gorgan, Iran

Elimination of aflatoxin M1 from milk: Current status, and potential outline of applicable mitigation procedures

Development and validation of HPLC-FLD method for aflatoxin M1 determination in milk and dairy products

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Product

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Development and validation of HPLC-FLD method for aflatoxin M₁ determination in milk and dairy products