Aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized milk in Shiraz (south of Iran)

Alborzi, Saeed; Pourabbas, Bahman; Rashidi, Majid; Astaneh, Behrooz

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.03.009

Cited by 63 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Contamination of milk and milk products with AFM1 varies with the geography and development level of a country. The contamination levels of AFM1 can be differentiated further by hot and cold seasons due to the fact that grass, pasture, weed and rough feeds are found more commonly in spring and summer than in winter [15]. The consumption of cow's milk is highly popular among the people of Bomet however; little information exists on the occurrence of AFM1 in milk and milk products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Langat¹,

Tetsuhiro²,

Gonoi³

et al. 2016

AiM

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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a major carcinogenic compound that may be found in milk and dairy products resulting from ingestion of aflatoxin B1 by dairy animals. The study aimed at determining the level of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products from Bomet County. A total of 185 samples (150 raw milk and 35 processed milk and milk products) were randomly collected from milk collection sites and randomly selected milk kiosks respectively. The AFM1 was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit (Ridascreen, aflatoxin M1 R-Biopharm, Product code, R5812, Darmstadt, Germany). Out of 185 samples investigated, 156 samples were positive for AFM1, an overall contamination rate of 84.32%. The samples with levels higher than the tolerance limit of 0.05 μg/l recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) limits were 43.8% mainly contributed by the raw milk compared to processed milk (52.0% versus 8.6%). Processed milk had insignificant level of contamination with aflatoxin M1 (Median 0.00 (IQR: 0.00, 0.00 μg/l) with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 0.69 μg/l. Raw milk showed significant contamination, median 0.09 (IQR: 0.00, 0.50) μg/l with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 2.93 μg/l. Although there was no significant differences in AFM1 levels with study sites (P = 0.217); the median levels of aflatoxin M1 was high in sites 1, 3, and 7. The sites that had median aflatoxin M1 levels below the WHO/FAO acceptable limits of 0.05 μg/l were sites 2, 4 and 6. Due to high incidence of AFM1 contamination of milk and milk samples in Bomet County, there is need for regular monitoring and regulation of AFM1 contamination in milk and its products in the County. G. Langat et al.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Langat¹,

Tetsuhiro²,

Gonoi³

et al. 2016

AiM

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“…Aflatoxins can be separated and detected using either normal-or reversed-phase HPLC methods mainly with fluorescence spectrometric detection. The use of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2D-TLC) (44,45) and high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for the determination of aflatoxins has been reported (46). An alternative complex media based method is reported to detect the natural fluorescence of aflatoxins released by the growing mycelium (47) or relies on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of genes or their transcripts involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway (48,49).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Aflatoxins in Medicinal Plants by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Mujeeb

Ahmad

et al. 2013

J Pharm Pharm Sci

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-Purpose. The intention of the proposed work is to study the presence of the aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 in medicinal plants, namely Mucuna pruriens, Delphinium denudatum and Portulaca oleraceae. Methodology. The aflatoxins were extracted, purified by immunoaffinity column chromatography and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (HPLC-MS/MS). Fungal count was carried out in PDA media. Results. A good linear relationship was found for AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 and AFG 2 at 1-10 ppb (r>0.9995). The analyte accuracy under three different spiking levels was 86.7-108.1 %, with low per cent relative standard deviations in each case. The aflatoxins can be separated within 5 to7 min using an Agilent XDB C18-column. We found that AFB 1 and AFB 2 were in trace amounts below the detection limit in M. pruriens whilst they were not detected in D. denudatum. P. oleraceae was found to be contaminated with AFB 1 and AFB 2 . AFG 1 and AFG 2 were not detected in M. pruriens, P. oleraceae and were below the detection limit in D. denudatum. This was consistent with very low numbers of fungal colonies observed after 6 hr of incubation. Conclusion. The analytical method developed is simple, precise, accurate, economical and can be effectively used to determine the aflatoxins in medicinal plants and therefore to control the quality of products. The aflatoxin levels in the plant extracts examined were related to the minimal fungal load in the medicinal plants examined.

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“…Aflatoxins are both acutely and chronically toxic for animals and humans and can cause dangerous diseases including acute toxic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma (5,15). AFM1 contamination in dairy products is a global problem threatening public health in all areas of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk of Fariman City, Khorasan Province, Iran

Riahi-Zanjani

Rahmani

Sorkhabadi

et al. 2015

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Although milk is the valorous source of nutrition, consumption of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contaminated milk induces problems to human health. AFM1 is found in milk when dairy animals are fed with AFB1-contaminated feedstuff. AFM1 remains stable during milk pasteurization and storage as well as during the preparation of various dairy products. Objectives:The aim of the current study was to evaluate AFM1 contamination in raw milk of Fariman city. Materials and Methods: During the summer (July to September, 2012), 45 samples of raw milk were collected randomly from Fariman, Iran. The samples were analyzed with a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: AFM1 was detected in all milk samples. The mean concentration of AFM1 was 11.61 ± 0.72 ng/L with a range of 6.3-23.3 ng/L. None of the samples had levels exceeding the maximum tolerance limit (50 ng/L) accepted by the European Union. Conclusions: AFM1 contamination of milk is not a concern in this city. However, dairy cattle feed samples of various livestocks must be regularly checked for aflatoxin and the storage conditions of feeds should be strictly controlled.

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Aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized milk in Shiraz (south of Iran)

Cited by 63 publications

References 9 publications

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Determination of Aflatoxins in Medicinal Plants by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A Survey on Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk of Fariman City, Khorasan Province, Iran

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