Aflatoxin M1 contamination in dairy products marketed in Iran during winter and summer

Fallah, Aziz A.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.04.017

Cited by 120 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The occurrence of AFM1 in UHT commercial milk in Portugal was investigated where only two UHT-treated milk exceeded the set limit while the other 68 UHT-treated samples had low levels [37]. Moreover, lower findings were reported in other countries such as Turkey [38] and Iran [9]. Higher contamination was however reported by other authors [39]- [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) or milk toxin is a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 and is secreted in milk of dairy cattle after consumption of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 [7] [8]. Studies have shown that AFM1 could quickly appear (within 12 hour) after ingestion of AFB1 by lactating cows [9] and its concentration decreased gradually to under the limit of detection within 72 h after removal of AFB1 contaminated feeds [10]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified AFB1 and AFM1 as class 1 human carcinogens [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified AFB1 and AFM1 as class 1 human carcinogens [11]. Aflatoxin M1 has been well known to have cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects [9] [12]. Human exposure to AFM1 is due to the consumption of contaminated milk and dairy products of which daily intake could be highly variable in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Langat¹,

Tetsuhiro²,

Gonoi³

et al. 2016

AiM

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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a major carcinogenic compound that may be found in milk and dairy products resulting from ingestion of aflatoxin B1 by dairy animals. The study aimed at determining the level of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products from Bomet County. A total of 185 samples (150 raw milk and 35 processed milk and milk products) were randomly collected from milk collection sites and randomly selected milk kiosks respectively. The AFM1 was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit (Ridascreen, aflatoxin M1 R-Biopharm, Product code, R5812, Darmstadt, Germany). Out of 185 samples investigated, 156 samples were positive for AFM1, an overall contamination rate of 84.32%. The samples with levels higher than the tolerance limit of 0.05 μg/l recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) limits were 43.8% mainly contributed by the raw milk compared to processed milk (52.0% versus 8.6%). Processed milk had insignificant level of contamination with aflatoxin M1 (Median 0.00 (IQR: 0.00, 0.00 μg/l) with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 0.69 μg/l. Raw milk showed significant contamination, median 0.09 (IQR: 0.00, 0.50) μg/l with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 2.93 μg/l. Although there was no significant differences in AFM1 levels with study sites (P = 0.217); the median levels of aflatoxin M1 was high in sites 1, 3, and 7. The sites that had median aflatoxin M1 levels below the WHO/FAO acceptable limits of 0.05 μg/l were sites 2, 4 and 6. Due to high incidence of AFM1 contamination of milk and milk samples in Bomet County, there is need for regular monitoring and regulation of AFM1 contamination in milk and its products in the County. G. Langat et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Langat¹,

Tetsuhiro²,

Gonoi³

et al. 2016

AiM

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“…Data from the studies on the occurrence of AFM 1 in milk since the 1990s are reported in ( Many authors showed that Seasonal effect influences concentration of aflatoxin M 1 . They reported higher concentration of AFM 1 in cold seasons as compared to hot seasons Blanco et al, 1988b;Hussain and Anwar, 2008;Tajkarimi et al 2008;Fallah, 2010, Bilandzic et al, 2010, the reason being in winters mostly milking animals are fed with compound feeds and thus concentration of aflatoxin B1 increases which in turn enhances AFM 1 concentration in milk. Moreover, temperature and moisture contents also affect the presence of aflatoxin B 1 in feeds.…”

Section: Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virdis et al (2008) detected few positive samples, whereas Tekinsen and Ucar (2008) observed a high incidence of positive samples. As regards the contamination level, several authors (Kamkar, 2006;Fallah, 2010) found a maximum contamination level over 1000 ng of AFM 1 per kg. This latter contamination level could be hazardous.…”

Section: Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%