Aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in processed milk: Occurrence and seasonal variation with an emphasis on risk assessment of human exposure in Serbia

Milićević, Dragan; Spirić, Danka; Janković, Saša; Velebit, Branko; Radicevic, Tatjana; Petrović, Z; Stefanović, Sofija

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012040

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The AFB1, the most dangerous mycotoxin, should be absent or the lowest recorded according to ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) for food safety 46 . Our data is agreed well with El-Badry, (2016) 67 and Milicevic et al (2017) 68 whom found that most of analysed milk and milk products samples collected from different localities in Egypt and Serbia were above ADI of mycotoxins declared by International Standards Organizations. In contrast to our results, former international researchers concluded that collected milk samples containing mycotoxins level that were accepted for human as compared with recommended limits 69 .…”

Section: Journal Of Pure and Applied Microbiologysupporting

confidence: 92%

Diversity of Toxigenic Molds and Mycotoxins Isolated from Dairy Products: Antifungal Activity of Egyptian Marine Algae on Aspergillus and Candida Species

Ahmed¹,

AL-Kahtani²,

El-Diasty³

et al. 2020

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of milk products constitute a potential hazard to human health and food safety. Isolation and identifications of mold and yeast out of 140 milk products samples collected from dairy shops in Qena, Egypt were done through conventional microbiological methods. Aflatoxin-M1, aflatoxin-B1 and ochratoxin-A were characterized by thin-layer chromatography; aflR regulatory gene identified by using PCR. Marine algal extracts of Halimeda opuntia, Padina pavonica and Turbinaria decurrens species were studied for their antimicrobial activity. Overall of 80 and 64% dairy products samples were positive for mold and yeast contamination. A total of 38 mold and 15 yeast species were isolated. Aspergillus and Candida spp. were the most abundant isolated species. Furthermore 25, 40 and 27% of cheese and 71, 78 and 73.3 of dairy desserts samples were contaminated with AFM1, AFB1 and OTA, respectively; with average estimated dietary intake level much more than the acceptable daily intake for infant and adult. PCR identified aflR gene among four selected aflatoxigenic A. flavus. The major constituents of H. opuntia extract were 2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)-(21.56%) and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(36.16%). Ethyl acetate extract of Halimeda opuntia (3mg/ml) exhibited the strongest fungicidal activity with inhibition zones of 16.5 and 22.3 mm against A. flavus and A. niger. It exhibited potent candidacidal activity against C. tropicalis; 11 log10 orders of killing at 750 µg/ml. The discovered antimicrobial activity of H. opuntia is a promising candidate for designing novel antifungal agents which can be used in food preservatives and medicine industry.

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Section: Journal Of Pure and Applied Microbiologysupporting

confidence: 92%

Diversity of Toxigenic Molds and Mycotoxins Isolated from Dairy Products: Antifungal Activity of Egyptian Marine Algae on Aspergillus and Candida Species

Ahmed¹,

AL-Kahtani²,

El-Diasty³

et al. 2020

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…During March 2013, the maximum permissible limit (MRL) for AFM1 was temporally and without transparent risk assessment, changed from 0.05 μg kg −1 to 0.5 μg kg −1 in order to help struggling dairy industry. In following years MRL was changed several times and currently is set at 0.25 μg kg −1 [40]. In 2013, Serbian authorities sent 48 samples of milk to the European Union Reference Laboratory for Mycotoxins in RIKILT-Wageningen (The Netherlands) and results showed that 33 samples exceeded EU MRL for AFM1 in milk.…”

Section: Principal Mycotoxins In Food and Feed In Serbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on the Mycotoxins Incidence in Serbia in the Period 2004–2016

Udovički

Audenaert

Saeger

et al. 2018

Toxins

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With an average annual production of 6.9 M tonnes and 2.5 M tonnes of maize and wheat respectively, Serbia is one of the main grain producers and exporters in Europe. Cereals are also the major staple food in Serbian diet. In view of the high cereal consumption, for human and animal nutrition, the presence of mycotoxins entails a high public health risk of chronic exposure to mycotoxins. This study provides an overview of the incidence of predominant mycotoxins, mainly in cereal and dairy products, in Serbia, in the 2004–2016, using data reported in the scientific literature. The study demonstrated that the total prevalence of aflatoxins was 62.9% (n = 12,517) with 26.2% of the samples exceeding the EU limits during this period. Results obtained for T-2/HT-2 (n = 523), deoxynivalenol (n = 2907), fumonisins (n = 998), zearalenone (n = 689) and ochratoxin A (n = 740) indicated the prevalence of 45.5%, 42.9%, 63.3%, 39.3% and 28.1%, respectively. For these mycotoxins, the EU limits were less frequently exceeded. Comprehensive collection and analysis of all accessible information reviewed in this paper showed moderate incidence and prevalence of mycotoxins in Serbia, with an exception of the 2012 drought year and the 2014 flood year.

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“…As infants depend on milk as a basic food, it is extremely important to control the level of aflatoxins in milk. The results obtained from a systematic review (2015-2018) showed year-to-year variations of AFM1 prevalence, and average contamination levels in the analyzed milks were significantly different (P < 0.001) (Milicevic et al, 2017;. Likewise, AFM1 incidence has shown an interesting periodic fluctuation over the survey period.…”

Section: Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This climatic event had not occurred previously in Serbia, and it caused substantial damage and losses in agricultural crop production. In addition, a high average frequency of Aspergillus spp., particularly Aspergillus flavus (which is xerophilic) and Aspergillus niger, on analyzed grain (95.3%) (Levic et al, 2013), followed by the high incidence of aflatoxins in maize and consequently in feed and milk, were also attributed to the hottest and driest period (Milicevic et al, 2017(Milicevic et al, , 2019b. Therefore, several RASFF notifications related to aflatoxin levels above the MPLs in maize from countries from South-East Europe were issued at the end of 2012 and continued on in the first months of 2013 (RASFF, 2013).…”

Section: Impact Of Climate Factors In Serbia On Mycotoxin Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of this study are consistent with reports from other countries stating that the prevalence of AFM1 in raw milk was significantly higher (P < 0.05) during spring than in summer and autumn. According to the report (Milicevic et al, 2017;, improper storage conditions, particularly during winter and spring, combined with the initial fungal contamination in the fields had a great impact on AFB1 levels in cattle feed, and consequently on AFM1 occurrence in milk. Moreover, the findings of this study showed the increase in AFM1 occurrence was significantly positively correlated with air temperature and annual RH (Milicevic et al, 2017;.…”

Section: Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Status of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Feeds and Associated Public Health Risk in Serbia

Milićević¹,

Udovički²,

Petrović³

et al. 2020

Meat Technology

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Mycotoxins are chemical hazards of microbiological origin, produced mainly by filamentous fungi during their secondary metabolism. The role of mycotoxins has been recognized in the aetiology of a number of diseases, particularly cancers that belong to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The NCDs have a leading and growing contribution to preventable deaths and disability across the globe. The NCDs are known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. Following the increased interest in health effects caused by synergisms between natural and synthetic contaminants along the food chain, mycotoxin contamination will continue to be an area of concern for producers, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, researchers and consumers in the future. Considering that their presence in food depends strongly on climatic conditions, in Serbia, recent drought and then flooding confirmed that mycotoxins are one of the foodborne hazards most susceptible to climate change. In this article, we review key aspects of mycotoxin contamination of the food supply chain and attempt to highlight the latest trends and projections for mycotoxin reduction from a Serbian perspective.

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Aflatoxin M₁ in processed milk: Occurrence and seasonal variation with an emphasis on risk assessment of human exposure in Serbia

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Diversity of Toxigenic Molds and Mycotoxins Isolated from Dairy Products: Antifungal Activity of Egyptian Marine Algae on Aspergillus and Candida Species

Diversity of Toxigenic Molds and Mycotoxins Isolated from Dairy Products: Antifungal Activity of Egyptian Marine Algae on Aspergillus and Candida Species

Overview on the Mycotoxins Incidence in Serbia in the Period 2004–2016

Current Status of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Feeds and Associated Public Health Risk in Serbia

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Aflatoxin M1 in processed milk: Occurrence and seasonal variation with an emphasis on risk assessment of human exposure in Serbia

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Diversity of Toxigenic Molds and Mycotoxins Isolated from Dairy Products: Antifungal Activity of Egyptian Marine Algae on Aspergillus and Candida Species

Diversity of Toxigenic Molds and Mycotoxins Isolated from Dairy Products: Antifungal Activity of Egyptian Marine Algae on Aspergillus and Candida Species

Overview on the Mycotoxins Incidence in Serbia in the Period 2004–2016

Current Status of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Feeds and Associated Public Health Risk in Serbia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Aflatoxin M₁ in processed milk: Occurrence and seasonal variation with an emphasis on risk assessment of human exposure in Serbia