Aflatoxin Detoxification Using Microorganisms and Enzymes

Abstract

Mycotoxin contamination causes significant economic loss to food and feed industries and seriously threatens human health. Aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the most harmful mycotoxins, which are produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and other fungi that are commonly found in the production and preservation of grain and feed. AFs can cause harm to animal and human health due to their toxic (carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic) effects. How to remove AF has become a major problem: biological methods cause no contamination, have high specificity, and work at high temperature, affording environmental protection. In the present research, microorganisms with detoxification effects researched in recent years are reviewed, the detoxification mechanism of microbes on AFs, the safety of degrading enzymes and reaction products formed in the degradation process, and the application of microorganisms as detoxification strategies for AFs were investigated. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for biological detoxification of AFs.

Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation

“…Several valuable original research articles [157][158][159] and reviews [97,98,[160][161][162][163] on AF mitigation have been published over the last three years.…”

“…Numerous post-harvest methods to combat AFs are also required, such as emerging physical methods (e.g., non-thermal treatments as pulsed electric fields), interventions with chemical agents (e.g., adsorbents, acids, enzymes, and gases), interventions with microbiological agents (e.g., bacteria, yeast and microfungi), and genetic engineering technologies. These methods have been reported to be effective in mycotoxin diminution in food and feed [97,98,[160][161][162].…”

Protect peanut kernels from Aspergillus spp and their mycotoxins during storage by aqueous extract of carob pulp

“…B and G refer to the blue and green uorescent colors produced under UV light on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plates (Samson et al 2014). AFs and OTA have caused harm to human and animal health as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and immunosuppressive effects (Tao et al 2018;Omotayo et al 2019;Guan et al 2021), so many countries have established regulatory limits on AFs and OTA in peanut and other agricultural commodities. In Egypt the regulatory limits as recommended by European Commission Regulation (EC) No.…”

Protect peanut kernels from Aspergillus spp and their mycotoxins during storage by aqueous extract of carob pulp

“…B and G refer to the blue and green uorescent colors produced under UV light on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plates (Samson et al 2014). AFs and OTA have caused harm to human and animal health as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and immunosuppressive effects (Tao et al 2018;Omotayo et al 2019;Guan et al 2021), so many countries have established regulatory limits on AFs and OTA in peanut and other agricultural commodities. In Egypt the regulatory limits as recommended by European Commission Regulation (EC) No.…”