Aflatoxin B1 in commercial granolas

Marta, Rejane Ribeiro dos Santos; Francisco, das Chagas Cardoso Filho; Rodrigo, Maciel Calvet; Rayllander, Ribeiro Andrade; Rosana, Martins Carneiro Pires; Maria, Marl uacute cia Gomes Pereira; Amilton, Paulo Raposo Costa; Muratori, Maria Christina Sanches

doi:10.5897/ajmr2015.7633

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the raw ingredients used in making these foods have been reported to contain mycotoxins similar to those reported in the finished foods Abia et al, 2013;Adetunji et al, 2014;Matumba et al, 2015;Egbontan et al, 2017;Oyedele et al, 2017). Nonetheless, dos Santos et al (2015) reported aflatoxins in 60% of 60 samples of granola in Teresina (Brazil), while Moreira et al (2016) did not find any aflatoxins in three granola samples in northeastern regions of Brazil. In addition, aflatoxins were either not detected or were found together with ochratoxin A in 7 to 33% of popcorn samples in southern Pennsylvania (United States) or in popcorn imported into Spain from the United States, respectively (Alborch et al, 2012;Gourama, 2015).…”

Section: Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Plant Toxins In Rte Foodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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Low moisture content ready-to-eat foods vended in Nigerian markets could be prepackaged or packaged at point of sale. These foods are widely and frequently consumed across Nigeria as quick foods. Despite their importance in the daily diets of Nigerians, a comprehensive study on the diversity of fungi, fungal metabolite production potential, and mycotoxin contamination in the foods has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study assessed the diversity of fungi in 70 samples of low moisture content ready-to-eat foods [cheese balls, garri (cassava-based), granola (a mix of cereals and nuts) and popcorn] in Nigeria by applying a polyphasic approach including morphological examination, genera/species-specific gene marker sequencing and secondary metabolite profiling of fungal cultures. Additionally, mycotoxin levels in the foods were determined by LC-MS/MS. Fungal strains (n = 148) were recovered only from garri. Molecular analysis of 107 representative isolates revealed 27 species belonging to 12 genera: Acremonium, Allophoma, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Microdochium, Penicillium, Sarocladium, Talaromyces, and Tolypocladium in the Ascomycota, and Fomitopsis and Trametes in the Basidiomycota. To the best of our knowledge Allophoma, Fomitopsis, Microdochium, Tolypocladium, and Trametes are reported in African food for the first time. A total of 21 uncommon metabolites were found in cultures of the following species: andrastin A and sporogen AO1 in Aspergillus flavus; paspalin in A. brunneoviolaceus; lecanoic acid and rugulusovin in A. sydowii; sclerotin A in P. citrinum and Talaromyces siamensis; barceloneic acid, festuclavine, fumigaclavine, isochromophilons (IV, VI, and IX), ochrephilone, sclerotioramin, and sclerotiorin in P. sclerotium; epoxyagroclavine, infectopyron, methylorsellinic acid and trichodermamide C in P. steckii; moniliformin and sporogen AO1 in P. copticola; and aminodimethyloctadecanol in Tolypocladium. Twenty-four mycotoxins in addition to other 73 fungal and plant toxins were quantified in the foods. In garri, cheeseballs, popcorn and granola were 1, 6, 12, and 23 mycotoxins detected, respectively. Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 1 April 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 615 Ezekiel et al. Fungi and Mycotoxins in Ready-to-Eat FoodsDeoxynivalenol, fumonisins, moniliformin, aflatoxins and citrinin contaminated 37, 31, 31, 20, and 14% of all food samples, respectively. Overall, citrinin had the highest mean concentration of 1481 µg/kg in the foods, suggesting high citrinin exposures in the Nigerian populace. Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of the foods depend on pre-food and post-food processing practices.

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Section: Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Plant Toxins In Rte Foodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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“…Os materiais que não possuem o tratamento analítico são aqueles documentos "de primeira mão", que são dispersos em várias fontes e formatos, como cartas pessoais, diários, fotografias, gravações, memorandos, regulamentos, ofícios, boletins etc. (GIL, 2002;KRIPTA;SCHELLER;BONOTTO, 2015). No caso dessa pesquisa, a análise foi realizada com base em artigos de opinião em sites especializados sobre maconha.…”

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Cannabis não é maconha? Apontamentos exploratórios de uma controvérsia enraizada

Rodrigues,

Mourão,

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

Revista EntreRios

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São inúmeras as controvérsias que cercam a maconha/cannabis. Em junho de 2021, o artigo “Cannabis não é maconha” de Patrícia Marino, publicado no portal Sechat, intensificou o debate em relação às denominações da planta. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a controvérsia que passa por esse debate e sua repercussão. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram revisão de literatura, análise de conteúdo dos artigos de opinião e pesquisa qualitativa documental. A partir dos artigos de opinião em sites especializados em maconha/cannabis foi possível contextualizar a controvérsia, identificar e analisar os artigos de opinião, caracterizar quem são os autores e seus posicionamentos. Foram encontrados cinco artigos de opinião que fazem parte desta controvérsia. Em relação aos resultados, estes se apresentam em duas etapas. A primeira identificou as diferenças entres os portais sobre maconha/cannabis, e a segunda etapa apontou as distinções entre os autores.

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Aflatoxin B1 in commercial granolas

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

Cannabis não é maconha? Apontamentos exploratórios de uma controvérsia enraizada

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