Aflatoxin and immunity in layer hens

Azzam, A. H.; Gabal, M. A.

doi:10.1080/03079459808419386

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Aflatoxin B1 is carcinogenic to human (IARC, 1993), in chickens, aflatoxin increased susceptibility to, or severity of ceacal coccidiosis, Marek's disease (Edds, 1976), salmonellosis (Smith et al, 1969;Wyatt & Hamilton, 1975), inclusion body hepatitis (Singh et al, 1996), and infectious bursal disease virus (Chang & Hamilton, 1982;Somvanshi & Mohanty, 1991). Vaccination failures were linked to aflatoxicosis in chickens (Anjum, 1994;Pruthi et al, 1992), and impaired response to vaccination responses was demonstrated for Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, and fowl cholera (Azzam & Gabal, 1997;Azzam & Gabal, 1998;Bunaciu et al, 1998).…”

Section: Commfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Concentrated Poultry Feed in Niger State, Nigeria

Ariyo

Anthony

Lami³

2013

JFR

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In Nigeria, concentrated poultry feed is a vital component of animal production and health but there was no reliable mycogram in Niger state, Nigeria. As a result this study determined the incidence of mycotoxigenic fungi in both commercial and privately milled concentrated poultry feeds. A total of 100 poultry feed samples consisting of 52 privately milled poultry feed and 48 commercial feed samples were collected. Mycoflora in the feed was determined. Nine fungi genera were isolated. The most frequently isolated fungi genera in both privately milled and commercial feed was Aspergillus spp which was about 40% of mould isolate. Penicillium spp is 20% in private feed and 13% in commercial feed. A total of 874 fungi were isolated consisting of 458 fungi species in privately milled feed and 416 fungi species found in commercial feed. Mycotoxigenic fungi genera, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria were isolated. Aspergillus flavus is the commonest isolated fungi species.

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Section: Commfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Concentrated Poultry Feed in Niger State, Nigeria

Ariyo

Anthony

Lami³

2013

JFR

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“…In layers fed AFB1, age to maturity is increased [34] and egg production is reduced [34,121,125,[128][129][130][131]. Egg quality parameters such as total weight, shape, albumin or yolk percentage, and shell thickness in chickens and quail can be adversely affected by AFB1, although the effects were variable among studies [34,125,126,128,[131][132][133].…”

Section: Production Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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This review is a comprehensive introduction to the effects of poultry exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The relationship between AFB1 sensitivity and metabolism, major direct and indirect effects of AFB1, recent studies of gene expression and transcriptome responses to exposure, and mitigation strategies to reduce toxicity are discussed. Exposure to AFB1 primarily occurs by consumption of contaminated corn, grain or other feed components. Low levels of residual AFB1 in poultry feeds can cause reduction in growth, feed conversion, egg production, and compromised immune functions, resulting in significant economic costs to producers. Thus, AFB1 acts as a "force multiplier" synergizing the adverse effects of microbial pathogens and other agents, and factors detrimental to poultry health. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are one of the most sensitive animals known to AFB1 due, in large part, to a combination of efficient hepatic bioactivation by cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, and deficient hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. Because of their sensitivity, turkeys are a good model to investigate chemopreventive treatments and feed additives for their ability to reduce AFB1 toxicity. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of turkey poults (liver and spleen) has identified AFB1-induced gene expression changes in pathways of apoptosis, carcinogenesis, lipid regulation, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Current research focuses on further identifying the molecular mechanisms OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 743 underlying AFB1 toxicity with the goal of reducing aflatoxicosis and improving poultry health.

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“…Esses autores sugerem que o processo inflamatório decorrente da exposição a doses subclínicas de aflatoxinas tenha induzido um discreto aumento na fração das gamaglobulinas. A imunodepressão resultante da ação das aflatoxinas afeta a capacidade da ave em sintetizar anticorpos e substâncias humorais como o interferon, a citocina e as proteínas do sistema complemento, comprometendo a funcionalidade dos leucócitos (AZZAM & GABAL, 1998). As aflatoxinas afetam o perfil imunológico, porém sem suprimir completamente a produção de anticorpos (ZAVIERO & CONTRERAS, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified