Afforestation causes changes in post-fire regeneration in native shrubland communities of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina

Núñez, Martín A.; Raffaele, Estela

doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2007)18[827:accipr]2.0.co;2

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The point not in a circle was uninvaded and burned and still had no P. contorta when sampled after fire. More severe soil heating with increasing levels of invasion may explain the different post-fire trajectories seen in sites dominated by pines compared to native-dominated sites in our study and others (Holmes et al 2000, Nuñez and Raffaele 2007, Zalba et al 2008). If seedbanks and resprouting plants are destroyed by fire, then native regeneration is more dependent on distance to nearest seed source.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

“…In South Africa, soil properties under burned pine canopies and native fynbos suggested that fire severity was higher in pine plantations than in fynbos (Scott and Van Wyk ). In Patagonia, post‐fire Pinus ponderosa plantations created novel conditions that prevented regrowth of native matorral (shrubland), despite the fact that matorral is well adapted to surface fire (Nuñez and Raffaele ). Whether the post‐fire vegetation trajectories differed due to pre‐fire species composition or changes in fire severity in this study is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pinus contorta invasions increase wildfire fuel loads and may create a positive feedback with fire

Taylor

Maxwell

McWethy

et al. 2017

Ecology

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Invasive plant species that have the potential to alter fire regimes have significant impacts on native ecosystems. Concern that pine invasions in the Southern Hemisphere will increase fire activity and severity and subsequently promote further pine invasion prompted us to examine the potential for feedbacks between Pinus contorta invasions and fire in Patagonia and New Zealand. We determined how fuel loads and fire effects were altered by P. contorta invasion. We also examined post-fire plant communities across invasion gradients at a subset of sites to assess how invasion alters the post-fire vegetation trajectory. We found that fuel loads and soil heating during simulated fire increase with increasing P. contorta invasion age or density at all sites. However, P. contorta density did not always increase post-fire. In the largest fire, P. contorta density only increased significantly post-fire where the pre-fire P. contorta density was above an invasion threshold. Below this threshold, P. contorta did not dominate after fire and plant communities responded to fire in a similar manner as uninvaded communities. The positive feedback observed at high densities is caused by the accumulation of fuel that in turn results in greater soil heating during fires and high P. contorta density post-fire. Therefore, a positive feedback may form between P. contorta invasions and fire, but only above an invasion density threshold. These results suggest that management of pine invasions before they reach the invasion density threshold is important for reducing fire risk and preventing a transition to an alternate ecosystem state dominated by pines and novel understory plant communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinus contorta invasions increase wildfire fuel loads and may create a positive feedback with fire

Taylor

Maxwell

McWethy

et al. 2017

Ecology

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“…Fire‐adapted invasive pines exert positive feedbacks on fire, and fire in turn can stimulate pine regeneration (Baker, ; Richardson & Cowling, ). Although some communities are resilient to invasion of pines followed by fire (Nuñez & Raffaele, ), other communities can be replaced with fire‐adapted communities as a consequence of the invasion of fire‐adapted pines. Taylor et al.…”

Section: Why Have Pines Become the Dominant Conifer Taxon In Many Envmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on the persistence of pines (Pinusspecies) in the Late Cretaceous and their increasing dominance in the Anthropocene

Singh¹,

Inderjit

Singh

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Although gymnosperms were nearly swept away by the rise of the angiosperms in the Late Cretaceous, conifers, and pines (Pinus species) in particular, survived and regained their dominance in some habitats. Diversification of pines into fire‐avoiding (subgenus Haploxylon) and fire‐adapted (subgenus Diploxylon) species occurred in response to abiotic and biotic factors in the Late Cretaceous such as competition with emerging angiosperms and changing fire regimes. Adaptations/traits that evolved in response to angiosperm‐fuelled fire regimes and stressful environments in the Late Cretaceous were key to pine success and are also contributing to a new “pine rise” in some areas in the Anthropocene. Human‐mediated activities exert both positive and negative impacts of range size and expansion and invasions of pines. Large‐scale afforestation with pines, human‐mediated changes to fire regimes, and other ecosystem processes are other contributing factors. We discuss traits that evolved in response to angiosperm‐mediated fires and stressful environments in the Cretaceous and that continue to contribute to pine persistence and dominance and the numerous ways in which human activities favor pines.

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“…Previous studies of post‐fire succession have primarily concentrated on the direct impacts of fire on forest recovery and linked those impacts to factors such as disturbance history, the regional species pool and species life histories (Girard, De Grandpré, & Ruel, ; Schoennagel, Veblen, & Romme, ). However, the specific role of biotic and abiotic factors in post‐fire regeneration can differ substantially among fires (Ackerly, ; Camac, Williams, Wahren, Morris, & Morgan, ; Nuñez & Raffaele, ), depending on the context provided by the characteristics of the local environment. Under certain unique geographical conditions, succession cannot be completely described by a general pattern of community development, but rather is the result of a variety of dynamic site‐specific factors that change the trajectory from the typical chronosequence (Conway & Johnstone, ; Yuan et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of post-fire succession have primarily concentrated on the direct impacts of fire on forest recovery and linked those impacts to factors such as disturbance history, the regional species pool and species life histories (Girard, De Grandpré, & Ruel, 2014;Schoennagel, Veblen, & Romme, 2004). However, the specific role of biotic and abiotic factors in post-fire regeneration can differ substantially among fires (Ackerly, 2004;Camac, Williams, Wahren, Morris, & Morgan, 2013;Nuñez & Raffaele, 2007), depending on the context provided by the characteristics of the local environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐fire vegetation recovery at forest sites is affected by permafrost degradation in the Da Xing'an Mountains of northern China

Shi

Dech

Liu

et al. 2019

J Vegetation Science

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Question Vegetation recovery and succession patterns after fire are not completely explained by the interactions of climate, disturbance, and species pool. Site‐specific factors can substantially change vegetation succession. We hypothesize that on sites exposed to fire and surface permafrost degradation, successional trajectories will produce different species assemblages than typical post‐fire succession. Location Da Xing'an Mountains, northern China. Methods Vegetation and environmental data were collected at eight sites of past natural wildfire events. These sites represented different topographical situations, with four sites on slopes (lacking surface permafrost) and four sites in valleys (with surface permafrost). Three plots were established on each site, representing three different fire presence zones (burned, ecotone and unburned areas), giving a total of 24 plots. We used non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) to describe post‐fire vegetation recovery at different sites and multi‐response permutation procedures (MRPP) to test our hypothesis. Results The variation in dates of last fire was similar between the slope and valley sites. Slope sites that had been burned prior to 2003 had recovered to a composition similar to unburned sites by the time the study was conducted in 2017. However, none of the burned valley sites had fully recovered, even those exposed to fire in 1986, suggesting that the surface permafrost conditions affected the recovery pattern of vegetation. On burned valley sites, shrub species that are tolerant of saturated soils had become dominant and the number of tree saplings and seedlings became significantly lower than on the slope sites. Conclusion The interaction of fire and topographic site type (through the influence of surface permafrost degradation) was revealed as a primary factor affecting species composition and tree density of post‐fire communities. On valley sites, melting of the surface permafrost after fire caused a failure of tree recruitment and prompted shrub species tolerant of saturated soils to become dominant.

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Afforestation causes changes in post-fire regeneration in native shrubland communities of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Pinus contorta invasions increase wildfire fuel loads and may create a positive feedback with fire

Pinus contorta invasions increase wildfire fuel loads and may create a positive feedback with fire

Insights on the persistence of pines (Pinusspecies) in the Late Cretaceous and their increasing dominance in the Anthropocene

Post‐fire vegetation recovery at forest sites is affected by permafrost degradation in the Da Xing'an Mountains of northern China

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