Affirmed yet unaware: Exploring the role of awareness in the process of self-affirmation.

Sherman, David K.; Cohen, Geoffrey L.; Nelson, Leif D.; Nussbaum, A. David; Bunyan, Debra P.; García, J.

doi:10.1037/a0015451

Cited by 184 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Whilst in some paradigms of Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci (2017) 17:252-268 257 response priming, increasing subjective awareness of a prime increases its effect size (Atas, Vermeiren, & Cleeremans, 2013), paradigms involving socially salient primes have suggested that conscious awareness of a prime can effectively eliminate priming effects (e.g., Sherman et al, 2009). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Don’t make me angry, you wouldn’t like me when I’m angry: Volitional choices to act or inhibit are modulated by subliminal perception of emotional faces

Parkinson

Garfinkel

Critchley

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Volitional action and self-control-feelings of acting according to one's own intentions and in being control of one's own actions-are fundamental aspects of human conscious experience. However, it is unknown whether high-level cognitive control mechanisms are affected by socially salient but nonconscious emotional cues. In this study, we manipulated free choice decisions to act or withhold an action by subliminally presenting emotional faces: In a novel version of the Go/NoGo paradigm, participants made speeded button-press responses to Go targets, withheld responses to NoGo targets, and made spontaneous, free choices to execute or withhold the response for Choice targets. Before each target, we presented emotional faces, backwards masked to render them nonconscious. In Intentional trials, subliminal angry faces made participants more likely to voluntarily withhold the action, whereas fearful and happy faces had no effects. In a second experiment, the faces were made supraliminal, which eliminated the effects of angry faces on volitional choices. A third experiment measured neural correlates of the effects of subliminal angry faces on intentional choice using EEG. After replicating the behavioural results found in Experiment 1, we identified a frontal-midline theta component-associated with cognitive control processes-which is present for volitional decisions, and is modulated by subliminal angry faces. This suggests a mechanism whereby subliminally presented Bthreat^stimuli affect conscious control processes. In summary, nonconscious perception of angry faces increases choices to inhibit, and subliminal influences on volitional action are deep seated and ecologically embedded.Keywords Cognitive control . Decision-making . Emotion . ERP . PrimingHealthy adult individuals experience volitional control over many of their actions. This notion is fundamental to most conceptions of morality and responsibility. Voluntary control allows the individual to implement reasoned and flexible goaloriented action rather than being constantly enslaved by automatic responses to the external environment (Shadlen & Gold, 2004). While volitional production of actions has been long studied (e.g., Libet, Gleason, Wright, & Pearl, 1983), not much attention has been given to volitional self-control and the role of inhibition in volition (but see Filevich, Kühn, & Haggard, 2012;Parkinson & Haggard, 2014, 2015.Some forms of self-control can be considered tonic-or long lasting-such as refraining from a substance of abuse. This is often colloquially referred to as Bwillpower ( Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998;Baumeister, Vohs, & Tice, 2007). Other forms focus on more immediate and transient moments of self-control-the notion of Bstopping oneself from doing something at the last moment^-which we call intentional inhibition (Filevich et al., 2012;Parkinson & Haggard, 2014). As an everyday example, consider refraining from shouting at a loved one whilst in anger. Experimentally we define this as endogenously cancelling ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Don’t make me angry, you wouldn’t like me when I’m angry: Volitional choices to act or inhibit are modulated by subliminal perception of emotional faces

Parkinson

Garfinkel

Critchley

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…To this end, Cohen and Sherman (29) suggest the following: "Future research should examine a range of mechanisms and mediators at different levels of analysis, including the neural activity of the affirmed mind...." (29). Given that the effects of self-affirmation most often occur without explicit awareness (40), neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be uniquely positioned to assess some components of affirmation's effects (41). Neural responses can be recorded as affirmation and subsequent persuasion occur, without requiring self-report assessments that could interfere with the message recipient's natural thought processes.…”

Section: Self-affirmationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-affirmation alters the brain’s response to health messages and subsequent behavior change

Falk

O’Donnell

Cascio

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

154

139

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Health communications can be an effective way to increase positive health behaviors and decrease negative health behaviors; however, those at highest risk are often most defensive and least open to such messages. For example, increasing physical activity among sedentary individuals affects a wide range of important mental and physical health outcomes, but has proven a challenging task. Affirming core values (i.e., self-affirmation) before message exposure is a psychological technique that can increase the effectiveness of a wide range of interventions in health and other domains; however, the neural mechanisms of affirmation's effects have not been studied. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural processes associated with affirmation effects during exposure to potentially threatening health messages. We focused on an a priori defined region of interest (ROI) in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), a brain region selected for its association with self-related processing and positive valuation. Consistent with our hypotheses, those in the self-affirmation condition produced more activity in VMPFC during exposure to health messages and went on to increase their objectively measured activity levels more. These findings suggest that affirmation of core values may exert its effects by allowing at-risk individuals to see the self-relevance and value in otherwise-threatening messages.self-affirmation | fMRI | behavior change | VMPFC | physical activity

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“…Ayrıca sosyal karşılaştırma hedeflerini, benlik saygılarını zedelemeyecekler arasından seçmektedirler. Yine, benliğin desteklenmesi (selfaffirmation) olarak adlandırılan stratejiye daha çok başvurmaktadırlar (Sherman, 2009). …”

Section: öZsaygıunclassified

Benlik kavramı bağlamında ‘Kürk Mantolu Madonna’ karakterlerinin çözümlenmesi

Akfırat

2012

IJHS

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Affirmed yet unaware: Exploring the role of awareness in the process of self-affirmation.

Cited by 184 publications

References 83 publications

Don’t make me angry, you wouldn’t like me when I’m angry: Volitional choices to act or inhibit are modulated by subliminal perception of emotional faces

Don’t make me angry, you wouldn’t like me when I’m angry: Volitional choices to act or inhibit are modulated by subliminal perception of emotional faces

Self-affirmation alters the brain’s response to health messages and subsequent behavior change

Benlik kavramı bağlamında ‘Kürk Mantolu Madonna’ karakterlerinin çözümlenmesi

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