Affirmative Action in the Political Domain

Bengtson, Andreas

doi:10.1177/00323217221095379

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 50 publications

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“…Banyak usaha yang dilaksanakan seperti Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Head Start, Medicare, Medicaid, Food Stamp dan lain-lain. Usaha-usaha ini telah membantu membasmi kemiskinan dan mengurangkan kepada jurang dalam akses kepada sumber dan peluang, seperti sekolah berkualiti, perumahan yang baik, penjagaan kesihatan dan pekerjaan yang setara (Bengtson 2022).…”

Section: Sorotan Karyaunclassified

Ketidaksamaan di Malaysia: Adakah Dasar Ekonomi Berasaskan-Etnik Relevan?

2023

JEM

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Kajian ini cuba menjawab persoalan adakah polisi berasaskan etnik yang diperkenalkan oleh Dasar Ekonomi Baru (DEB) berkesan dalam mencapai objektif dan adakah ianya masih relevan. Kajian ini mengadaptasi metodologi Hirschman (1983) menggunakan data banci tahun 2010. Dapatan kajian mencadangkan bahawa DEB telah berjaya menghapuskan kesan etnik sebagai faktor yang membezakan peluang menyertai sektor pekerjaan kolar putih. DEB juga telah mengurangkan peranan etnik dalam menentukan peluang penyertaan sektor perkilangan dan perniagaan. Namun begitu, etnik masih merupakan faktor yang membezakan peluang untuk menjadi majikan dan bekerja di sektor swasta. Selain itu, perkembangan ekonomi mewujudkan peluang yang lebih besar kepada etnik Cina untuk menyertai sektor perniagaan dan menjadi majikan tetapi peluang untuk etnik Melayu berkurangan. Keputusan ini mencadangkan etnik Cina masih mempunyai kelebihan dalam mendapatkan faedah daripada perkembangan ekonomi. Walaupun keseluruhannya, dasar ekonomi berasaskan etnik telah mengurangkan peranan etnik dalam peluang menyertai sektor ekonomi terpilih tetapi perbezaan dalam peluang untuk menyertai sektor perniagaan kekal wujud. Ini mencadangkan polisi ekonomi berasaskan etnik masih relevan dalam masyarakat Malaysia kontemporari. Intervensi polisi masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan peluang etnik Melayu menceburi bidang perniagaan dan memastikan perkembangan ekonomi mampu menjana peluang ini.

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Section: Sorotan Karyaunclassified

Ketidaksamaan di Malaysia: Adakah Dasar Ekonomi Berasaskan-Etnik Relevan?

2023

JEM

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Doxastic Affirmative Action

Bengtson

Munch

2023

Ethic Theory Moral Prac

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According to the relational egalitarian theory of justice, justice requires that people relate as equals. To relate as equals, many relational egalitarians argue, people must (i) regard each other as equals, and (ii) treat each other as equals. In this paper, we argue that, under conditions of background injustice, such relational egalitarians should endorse affirmative action in the ways in which (dis)esteem is attributed to people as part of the regard-requirement for relating as equals.

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Does Political Equality Require Equal Power? A Pluralist Account

Mráz

2023

Ethic Theory Moral Prac

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In this paper, I criticize two views on how political equality is related to equally distributed political power, and I offer a novel, pluralist account of political equality to address their shortcomings—in particular, concerning their implications for affirmative action in the political domain, political representation, and the situation of permanent minorities. The Equal Power View holds that political equality requires equally distributed political power. It considers affirmative action—e.g., racial or gender electoral quotas—, representation, and more-than-equal power to permanent minorities pro tanto objectionable. The Equal Status View, in contrast, holds that political equality concerns equal relations and status, and it is only contingently related to equally distributed power. I argue that while the Equal Status View is right that equal power can be insufficient for—or even objectionable from the viewpoint of—political equality, it is wrong to conclude that equal power has no independent significance in an account of political equality. My pluralist account shows that political equality entails not only status-based requirements but also independent egalitarian requirements to distribute political power equally. This account provides a finer-grained understanding of affirmative action in the political domain. It justifies affirmative action but holds that it should only be used to realize equal political status until thorough-going social reform allows us to maintain both equal political status and equally distributed political power at the same time. Similarly, representation should be amended with power-balancing institutions, and permanent minorities should enjoy equal status with minimal compromise to power equality.

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Affirmative Action in the Political Domain

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Ketidaksamaan di Malaysia: Adakah Dasar Ekonomi Berasaskan-Etnik Relevan?

Ketidaksamaan di Malaysia: Adakah Dasar Ekonomi Berasaskan-Etnik Relevan?

Doxastic Affirmative Action

Does Political Equality Require Equal Power? A Pluralist Account

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