Affinities of Phylacia and the daldinoid Xylariaceae, inferred from chemotypes of cultures and ribosomal DNA sequences

Bitzer, Jens; Læssøe, Thomas; Fournier, Jacques; Kummer, Volker; Decock, Cony; Tichy, Hans-Volker; Piepenbring, Meike; Peršoh, Derek; Stadler, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.07.004

Cited by 89 publications

(143 citation statements)

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“…These species show close similarities with respect to their stromatal morphology to Daldinia placentiformis, but deviate in their ascospore morphology and, where this is known, also in their anamorphic branching pattern and the production of secondary metabolites in their stromata and cultures (Bitzer et al 2008). For instance, cultures of what is here regarded as Pyrenopolyporus have a characteristic virgariella-like conidial stage and produce cochliodinol and 8-methoxy-1-naphtol but no chromones, eutypinols and phytotoxic lactones of the "Ab-5046" type, which are characteristic for Daldinia and other taxa included in clade D of the current phylogenetic tree.…”

Section: Resurrection Of Pyrenopolyporusmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Bitzer et al 2008). Moreover, the "Thamnomycetideae", which Dennis (1961) had mainly based on the aberrant stromatal morphology of Thamnomyces Ehrenb., was recently proven obsolete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique, paired with extensive preparative chromatography work, has led to the discovery of over 150 secondary metabolites, most of which were new to science at the time of their discovery (Stadler and Hellwig 2005;Stadler 2011;Kuhnert et al 2015). Recent studies have shown that in particular the metabolite profiles from cultures are strongly in agreement with molecular phylogenetic data (Bitzer et al 2008;Stadler et al 2010a, b, c), whereas the stromatal HPLC profiles proved highly valuable for delimitation of species in those genera that have so far been extensively studied (Stadler et al 2008a, b, 2014a, Kuhnert et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resurrection and emendation of the Hypoxylaceae, recognised from a multigene phylogeny of the Xylariales

et al. 2017

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A multigene phylogeny was constructed, including a significant number of representative species of the main lineages in the Xylariaceae and four DNA loci the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear rDNA, the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2), and beta-tubulin (TUB2). Specimens were selected based on more than a decade of intensive morphological and chemotaxonomic work, and cautious taxon sampling was performed to cover the major lineages of the Xylariaceae; however, with emphasis on hypoxyloid species. The comprehensive phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear-cut segregation of the Xylariaceae into several major clades, which was well in accordance with previously established morphological and chemotaxonomic concepts. One of these clades contained Annulohypoxylon, Hypoxylon, Daldinia, and other related genera that have stromatal pigments and a nodulisporium-like anamorph. They are accommodated in the family Hypoxylaceae, which is resurrected and emended. Representatives of genera with a nodulisporium-like anamorph and bipartite stromata, lacking stromatal pigments (i.e. Biscogniauxia, Camillea, and Obolarina) appeared in a clade basal to the xylarioid taxa. As they clustered with Graphostroma platystomum, they are accommodated in the Graphostromataceae. The new genus Jackrogersella with J. multiformis as type species is segregated from Annulohypoxylon. The genus Pyrenopolyporus is resurrected for Hypoxylon polyporus and allied species. The genus Daldinia and its allies Entonaema, Rhopalostroma, Ruwenzoria, and Thamnomyces appeared in two separate subclades, which may warrant further splitting of Daldinia in the future, and even Hypoxylon was divided in several clades. However, more species of these genera need to be studied before a conclusive taxonomic rearrangement can be envisaged. Epitypes were designated for several important species in which living cultures and molecular data are available, in order to stabilise the taxonomy of the Xylariales.

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Section: Resurrection Of Pyrenopolyporusmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Bitzer et al 2008). Moreover, the "Thamnomycetideae", which Dennis (1961) had mainly based on the aberrant stromatal morphology of Thamnomyces Ehrenb., was recently proven obsolete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resurrection and emendation of the Hypoxylaceae, recognised from a multigene phylogeny of the Xylariales

et al. 2017

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“…Cultures were grown from multispore isolates incubated on YMG agar plates (Bitzer et al 2008) and also transferred to Difco Oatmeal agar (OA) in 9 cm petri dishes for observation of the macroscopic morphology using a stereomicroscope and for anamorphic characters using differential interference contrast under 400-1000 × optical magnification. Pigment colours were determined as in the monograph by Ju & Rogers (1996) and, accordingly, colour codes follow Rayner (1970).…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amplification products were purified using Nucleo Spin Gel and PCR Clean Up (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany) as specified in the manufacturers' recommendations. 39 sequences of each gene originating from reliable sources (Bills et al 2012, Bitzer et al 2008, Hsieh et al 2005, Kuhnert et al 2013 were used in addition for phylogenetic analysis. Details on the considered specimens are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Molecular Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxyvermelhotins A–C, new pigments from Hypoxylon lechatii sp. nov

Kuhnert

Heitkämper

Fournier³

et al. 2014

Fungal Biology

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JournalFungal biology ABSTRACTA new species of Hypoxylon was discovered, based on material collected in the Caribbean and French Guiana and recognised on the basis of new combination of morpholological characters in comparison with type and authentic material of macroscopically similar taxa. These findings were corroborated by the rather isolated positions of its ITS-nrDNA and beta-tubulin DNA sequences in molecular phylogenies. However, the most salient feature of this fungus only became evident by a comparison of its stromatal HPLC profile, revealing several secondary metabolites that were hitherto not observed in stromata of any other member of the Xylariaceae. Part of the stromata were subsequently extracted to isolate these apparently specific components, using preparative chromatography. Five metabolites were obtained in pure state, and their chemical structures were elucidated by means of high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They turned out to be tetramic acid derivatives of the so-called vermelhotin type. Aside from vermelhotin, previously isolated from cultures of endophytic fungi, we identified three novel congeners, for which the trivial names hypoxyvermelhotins A-C were proposed. Like vermelhotin, they constitute red pigments and a preliminary biological characterisation revealed them to have rather strong cytotoxic and moderate to weak antimicrobial effects. These results further illustrate the high diversity of unique secondary metabolites in stromata of the hypoxyloid Xylariaceae, a family in which biological diversity seems to parallel the chemical diversity of their bioactive principles to a great extent.2

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Exploitation of Fungal Biodiversity for Discovery of Novel Antibiotics

Karwehl

Stadler

2016

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Fungi were among the first sources for antibiotics. The discovery and development of the penicillin-type and cephalosporin-type β-lactams and their synthetic versions were transformative in emergence of the modern pharmaceutical industry. They remain some of the most important antibiotics, even 70 years after their discovery. Meanwhile, thousands of fungal metabolites have been discovered, yet these metabolites have only contributed a few additional compounds that have entered clinical development. Substantial expansion in fungal biodiversity assessment along with the availability of modern "-OMICS" technology and revolutionary developments in fungal biotechnology have been made in the last 15 years subsequent to the exit of most of the big Pharma companies from the field of novel antibiotics discovery. Therefore, the timing seems opportune to revisit these fascinating chemically rich organisms as a reservoir of small-molecule templates for lead discovery. This review will describe ongoing interdisciplinary scenarios in which specialists in fungal biology collaborate with chemists, pharmacologists and biochemical and process engineers in order to reveal and make new antibiotics. The utility of a pre-selection process based on phylogenetic data and distribution of secondary metabolite encoding gene cluster will be highlighted. Examples of novel bioactive metabolites from fungi derived from special ecological groups and new phylogenetic lineages will also be discussed.

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Affinities of Phylacia and the daldinoid Xylariaceae, inferred from chemotypes of cultures and ribosomal DNA sequences

Cited by 89 publications

References 45 publications

Resurrection and emendation of the Hypoxylaceae, recognised from a multigene phylogeny of the Xylariales

Resurrection and emendation of the Hypoxylaceae, recognised from a multigene phylogeny of the Xylariales

Hypoxyvermelhotins A–C, new pigments from Hypoxylon lechatii sp. nov

Exploitation of Fungal Biodiversity for Discovery of Novel Antibiotics

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