Affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous after treatment: A study of its therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action.

Morgenstern, Jon; Labouvie, Erich W.; McCrady, Barbara S.; Kahler, Christopher W.; Frey, Ronni M.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.65.5.768

Cited by 270 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Alcoholics who continue to maintain periodic contact with their therapist and/or to attend self-help groups are more likely to assume and cope well with their problem than those who leave treatment. These conclusions about the important role of the treatment in the alcoholic's recovery, especially the role of self-help groups, confirm the results obtained by several authors (Hopson & Beaird-Spiller, 1995;Ito & Donovan, 1990;Morgenstern et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Vielva

Iraurgi

2003

HAAJ

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SThe aim of the study is to determine which factors are associated with abstinence in alcoholics. Observational and cross-sectional studies were carried out to study the relationships between causal attributions, selfefficacy and locus of control expectancies, and coping behavior in the problem of alcohol abuse, on the one hand, and abstinence, on the other. Chronicity and background variables are also analyzed. Participants w e re 201 alcoholics in outpatient treatment. Correlation analysis revealed close relationship among the psychological variables, as well as between these variables and abstinence: longer periods of abstinence were associated with more positive causal attributions, higher self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and more active coping behavior. A hierarchical regression analysis was also performed, showing that certain attributions, self-efficacy, and locus of control accounted for abstinence, but coping did not. Background did not reveal any association, but attending treatment and self-help groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, did. Because of their relationship, it is suggested that cognitive variables should be enhanced in treatment.Key-words: Attributions, Self-efficacy, Locus of control, Coping, Abstinence, Alcoholism.Note: In memoriam to Isabel Vielva, the first author. Today is not with us, but her work and friendship will last always. Salud y drogas • Vol.2 • Nº 1 • 2002 29 RESUMENEl objetivo del estudio es encontrar factores asociados a la abstinencia. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio observacional, transversal en el que se analiza la relación entre las atribuciones causales, las expectativas de autoeficacia y de lugar de control y la conducta de afrontamiento ante el problema de alcoholismo, por un lado, y la abstinencia, por otro, en una muestra de 201 alcohólicos en tratamiento ambulatorio. Se analizan también variables sociodemográficas y de cronicidad. Los análisis de correlación revelan una relación estrecha entre las variables psicológicas entre si y con la abstinencia: cuanto mayor es el tiempo de abstinencia, más positivas son las atribuciones causales, mayor es la autoeficacia, mayor es el lugar de control interno y más activo es el afrontamiento. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión múltiple, que mostró que algunas atribuciones, la autoeficacia y el lugar de control explicaban por si solas la abstinencia, no así el afrontamiento. Las variables sociodemográficas no resultaron tener una asociación significativa, pero sí la asistencia al tratamiento y a grupos de autoayuda. Debido a las implicaciones que tienen estas variables en el curso y pronóstico de la dependencia, se sugiere que se tengan en cuenta las variables cognitivas en el tratamiento del alcoholismo.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Vielva

Iraurgi

2003

HAAJ

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“…(Cf. Morgenstern et al, 1997;. The degree of DTR affiliation during the study period was associated with more positive outcomes at one year follow-up.…”

Section: Common Vs Unique 12 Step Process Factors As Mediators Betwementioning

confidence: 92%

Effectiveness of Dual Focus Mutual Aid for Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders: A Review and Synthesis of the “Double Trouble” in Recovery Evaluation

Magura

2008

Substance Use & Misuse

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Over five million adults in the U.S. have a co-occurring substance use disorder and serious psychological distress. Mutual aid ("self-help") can usefully complement treatment, but people with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders often encounter a lack of empathy and acceptance in traditional mutual aid groups. Double Trouble in Recovery (DTR) is a dual focus fellowship whose mission is to bring the benefits of mutual aid to persons recovering from cooccurring disorders. An evaluation of DTR was conducted by interviewing 310 persons attending 24 DTR meetings in New York City in 1998 and following them up for two years, in 1999 and 2000. The evaluation produced 13 articles in 12 peer reviewed journals, the main results of which are summarized here. The sample's characteristics were: mean age, 40 years; women, 28%; black, 59%; white, 25%; Hispanic, 14%; never married, 63%; live in supported community residence, 53%; high school graduate or GED, 60%; arrested as adult, 63%; diagnoses of: schizophrenia, 39%; major depression, 21%; or bipolar disorder; 20%; currently prescribed psychiatric medication, 92%; primary substance used, current or past: cocaine/crack, 42%; alcohol 34%; or heroin, 11%. Overall, the findings indicate that DTR participation has both direct and indirect effects on several important components of recovery: drug/alcohol abstinence, psychiatric medication adherence, self-efficacy for recovery, and quality of life. The study also identified several "common" therapeutic factors (e.g., internal motivation, social support) and unique mutual aid processes (helper-therapy, reciprocal learning) that mediate the influence of DTR participation on recovery. For clinicians, these results underline the importance of fostering stable affiliation with specialized dual focus 12-step groups for their patients with co-occurring disorders, as part of a comprehensive recovery-oriented treatment approach.

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“…If participants answered yes, they were asked to record the following information about each source of help: person, agency, or type of help; month and year; and number of weeks of help. There is support for the reliability and validity of self-reports regarding participation in substance use-related treatment (Adair et al, 1996) and AA (Morgenstern et al, 1997;Tonigan et al, 2002;Walitzer et al, 2009). Responses were used to construct indices pertaining to outpatient treatment (any attendance or not, duration in weeks) and AA (any attendance or not, duration) between baseline and 1 year as well as between 1 and 3 years.…”

Section: Dwimentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving While Intoxicated Among Individuals Initially Untreated for Alcohol Use Disorders: One- and Sixteen-Year Follow-Ups

Timko¹,

Desai²,

Blonigen³

et al. 2011

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examined associations between frequency of driving while intoxicated (DWI) at baseline and obtaining alcohol-related help at follow-up, and between obtaining help and subsequent reductions in DWI. It also examined improvements on personal functioning and life context indices as mediators between obtaining help and reduced occurrences of DWI. Method: A total of 628 individuals who were initially untreated for alcohol use problems completed a baseline inventory; follow-ups were 1, 3, and 16 years later. Results: More extended participation in outpatient treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) during Year 1 was associated with a lower likelihood of DWI at the 1-year follow-up. More extended participation in AA through Year 3 was associated with a lower likelihood of DWI at the 16-year follow-up. Improvement on personal functioning and life context indices was associated with reduced risk of subsequent occurrences of DWI. Decreases in drinking-related problems, impulsivity, and drinking to reduce tension mediated associations between more AA participation and reductions in DWI at 1 year. Conclusions: Among initially untreated individuals, sustained mutual help may be associated with a reduced number of occurrences of DWI via fewer drinking consequences and improved psychological functioning and coping. Treatment providers should attend to these concomitants of DWI and consider actively referring individuals to AA to ensure ongoing AA affi liation. The majority of studies of DWI have focused on community samples or samples of people arrested and convicted for DWI who were mandated to treatment. In contrast, we examined DWI in a sample of individuals who, at entry into the study, had initiated help seeking but were untreated for alcohol use problems; these individuals were followed for 16 years. Compared with non-help-seeking community samples, these help seekers likely have more severe alcohol-related dysfunction (George and Tucker, 1996;Tucker, 1995) but also more recognition of their alcohol misuse, motivation to change, and commitment to abstinence (Timko et al., 1994). However, compared with individuals reporting previous treatment for alcohol use disorders, these individuals likely have less severe alcohol-related dysfunction but also less motivation to change and commitment to abstinence (LoCastro et al., 2008). Thus, in the context of previous studies of DWI, we examined a sample that, by virtue of seeking help for the fi rst time, was unique in terms of severity of alcoholrelated disorder and motivation to change.To examine the behavior of DWI, this study used the conceptual framework developed by Moos and colleagues (Moos and Finney, 1983;Moos et al., 1990b) and adopted by other investigators (e.g., Buri et al., 2007) to examine the context of alcohol-related outcomes (Figure 1). The framework suggests that there is an association between (a) the individual's functioning and life context (e.g., severity of alcohol misuse, psychological symptoms, negative life events, social su...

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Affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous after treatment: A study of its therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action.

Cited by 270 publications

References 25 publications

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

Effectiveness of Dual Focus Mutual Aid for Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders: A Review and Synthesis of the “Double Trouble” in Recovery Evaluation

Driving While Intoxicated Among Individuals Initially Untreated for Alcohol Use Disorders: One- and Sixteen-Year Follow-Ups

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