Afferent volleys in limb nerves influencing impulse discharges in cerebellar cortex I. In mossy fibers and granule cells

Jc, Eccles; Faber, Donald S.; Jt, Murphy; Nh, Sabah; Táboríková, H

doi:10.1007/bf00236428

Cited by 65 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Indeed, a subset of metronome cells do show brief-lived high frequency excitations (see Figure S1C, S1D, S1F and S1H). In agreement with our own observations, other studies have described metronome-like mossy fibre terminals in the anterior lobe of decerebrate cats [81]. These mossy fibres discharged regularly at ∼20 Hz and showed spike-time resetting responses initiated by sensory evoked silent periods, identical to our own responses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sensory Coding by Cerebellar Mossy Fibres through Inhibition-Driven Phase Resetting and Synchronisation

Holtzman

Jörntell

2011

PLoS ONE

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Temporal coding of spike-times using oscillatory mechanisms allied to spike-time dependent plasticity could represent a powerful mechanism for neuronal communication. However, it is unclear how temporal coding is constructed at the single neuronal level. Here we investigate a novel class of highly regular, metronome-like neurones in the rat brainstem which form a major source of cerebellar afferents. Stimulation of sensory inputs evoked brief periods of inhibition that interrupted the regular firing of these cells leading to phase-shifted spike-time advancements and delays. Alongside phase-shifting, metronome cells also behaved as band-pass filters during rhythmic sensory stimulation, with maximal spike-stimulus synchronisation at frequencies close to the idiosyncratic firing frequency of each neurone. Phase-shifting and band-pass filtering serve to temporally align ensembles of metronome cells, leading to sustained volleys of near-coincident spike-times, thereby transmitting synchronised sensory information to downstream targets in the cerebellar cortex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sensory Coding by Cerebellar Mossy Fibres through Inhibition-Driven Phase Resetting and Synchronisation

Holtzman

Jörntell

2011

PLoS ONE

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“…Granule cells ( n = 7 ) were unique in their firing properties in that they generated small (~2 mV) action potentials with a firing rate of approximately 2-7 Hz, consistent with previously reported in vivo results (Eccles et al, 1971; Hartmann and Bower, 1998; Lu et al, 2005). We found that granule cell spiking was robustly entrained by neocortical network activity: granule cells discharged with clusters of 3-10 action potentials during the Up state of the slow oscillation in neocortex and cerebellum (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Neocortical Networks Entrain Neuronal Circuits in Cerebellar Cortex

Roš¹,

Sachdev²,

Yu³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

113

117

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Activity in neocortex is often characterized by synchronized oscillations of neurons and networks, resulting in the generation of a local field potential and electroencephalogram. Do the neuronal networks of the cerebellum also generate synchronized oscillations and are they under the influence of those in the neocortex? Here we show that in the absence of any overt external stimulus, the cerebellar cortex generates a slow oscillation that is correlated with that of the neocortex. Disruption of the neocortical slow oscillation abolishes the cerebellar slow oscillation, whereas blocking cerebellar activity has no overt effect on the neocortex. We provide evidence that the cerebellar slow oscillation results in part from the activation of granule, Golgi, and Purkinje neurons. In particular, we show that granule and Golgi cells discharge trains of single spikes, and Purkinje cells generate complex spikes, during the Up state of the slow oscillation. Purkinje cell simple spiking is weakly related to the cerebellar and neocortical slow oscillation in a minority of cells. Our results indicate that the cerebellum generates rhythmic network activity that can be recorded as an LFP in the anesthetized animal, which is driven by synchronized oscillations of the neocortex. Furthermore, we show that correlations between neocortical and cerebellar LFPs persist in the awake animal, indicating that neocortical circuits modulate cerebellar neurons in a similar fashion in natural behavioral states. Thus, the projection neurons of the neocortex collectively exert a driving and modulatory influence on cerebellar network activity.

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“…This plasticity alters the effect that the information carried in parallel fibers has on the output of Purkinje cells, and thus on motor output [52]–[53]. Since parallel fibers carry sensory feedback (amongst other) signals [38], [54]–[55], this plasticity alters the association between sensory feedback about the actual motion and future motor output and may represent a neural mechanism for motion-referenced learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Binding of Learning to Action in Motor Adaptation

2011

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In motor tasks, errors between planned and actual movements generally result in adaptive changes which reduce the occurrence of similar errors in the future. It has commonly been assumed that the motor adaptation arising from an error occurring on a particular movement is specifically associated with the motion that was planned. Here we show that this is not the case. Instead, we demonstrate the binding of the adaptation arising from an error on a particular trial to the motion experienced on that same trial. The formation of this association means that future movements planned to resemble the motion experienced on a given trial benefit maximally from the adaptation arising from it. This reflects the idea that actual rather than planned motions are assigned ‘credit’ for motor errors because, in a computational sense, the maximal adaptive response would be associated with the condition credited with the error. We studied this process by examining the patterns of generalization associated with motor adaptation to novel dynamic environments during reaching arm movements in humans. We found that these patterns consistently matched those predicted by adaptation associated with the actual rather than the planned motion, with maximal generalization observed where actual motions were clustered. We followed up these findings by showing that a novel training procedure designed to leverage this newfound understanding of the binding of learning to action, can improve adaptation rates by greater than 50%. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for understanding the effects of partial assistance and error augmentation during neurologic rehabilitation, and they suggest ways to optimize their use.

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Afferent volleys in limb nerves influencing impulse discharges in cerebellar cortex I. In mossy fibers and granule cells

Cited by 65 publications

References 32 publications

Sensory Coding by Cerebellar Mossy Fibres through Inhibition-Driven Phase Resetting and Synchronisation

Sensory Coding by Cerebellar Mossy Fibres through Inhibition-Driven Phase Resetting and Synchronisation

Neocortical Networks Entrain Neuronal Circuits in Cerebellar Cortex

The Binding of Learning to Action in Motor Adaptation

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