Affective Temperaments in Alcohol and Opiate Addictions

Abstract

Temperament is considered as a biological disposition reflected by relatively stable features related to mood and reactivity to external and internal stimuli, including variability in emotional reactions. The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that affective temperaments might differ according to co-occurring mood disorders among patients with alcohol and/or opiate dependence; to explore the relationship between temperaments and dual substance use disorders (SUDs, alcohol and other drugs). Ninety-two patients attending an alcohol addiction treatment facility and 47 patients in an opiate addiction treatment facility were assessed for SUDs, mood disorders and affective temperaments using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego 39-item auto-questionnaire. Comparison of patients with bipolar disorder, depressive unipolar disorder and no (or substance-induced) mood disorder revealed significant differences for the cyclothymic subscale, with highest scores among patients with bipolar disorder. No difference was observed for the depressive, irritable, hyperthymic and anxious subscales. After adjustment for age, gender and bipolar disorder, irritable temperament was a significant risk factor for past or present history of drug use disorders in patients treated for alcohol addiction (odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.93). Anxious temperament was a significant risk factor for history of alcohol use disorders in patients treated for opiate addiction (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.36-7.99), whereas the hyperthymic subscale appeared as a significant protective factor (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.42-0.99). The results highlight the need to consider temperamental aspects in further research to improve the long-term outcome of patient with addictive disorders, who often present complex comorbidity patterns.

Observational study to calculate addictive risk to opioids: a validation study of a predictive algorithm to evaluate opioid use disorder

“…This approach, which focuses on validated genetic variants, as opposed to comprehensive next-generation sequencing, is the preferred approach of many in the field 26. The phenotypic factors tested include age (whether or not they were 16–45 years old),27,28 personal history of alcohol abuse,23,29 personal history of illegal drug abuse,8,30 personal history of prescription drug abuse,31 and personal history of other mental health diseases including attention deficit disorder,32 obsessive compulsive disorder,33 bipolar disorder,24 and schizophrenia 34…”

“…The Proove Opioid Risk (POR) profile is a panel test that combines known phenotypic risk factors with validated genetic markers in a patented algorithm to predict risk of OUD with a high degree of sensitivity. The interplay between environment and genetics is widely acknowledged 12,23,24. Therefore, an evaluation of both phenotypic and genetic risk is necessary to achieve predictive accuracy.…”

Relationships between temperaments, occupational stress, and insomnia among Japanese workers

“…[26]. Many studies have reported a relationship between temperaments and mental problems (e.g., suicide) [27, 28], mental status in non-clinical populations [29], depressive symptoms [30–32], mood disorders [33–37], anxiety disorders [38], alcohol abuse or dependence [39, 40], and substance abuse [41, 42]. In the workplace, a depressive temperament has been reported to be a kind of work-oriented personality [43], hyperthymic temperament has been reported to be a type of hyper-adapted personality [44].…”

Regulative theory of temperament versus affective temperaments measured by the temperament evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A): a study in a non-clinical Polish sample

“…The concept of affective temperaments is clinically useful not only in the case of mood disorders but also in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Rezvani et al, 2014), obesity (Amann et al, 2009), HIV ) and alcohol and/or opiate dependence (Khazaal et al, 2013). We believe that it is important that affective temperaments encompass healthy personality traits (Rovai et al, 2013) and have both universal and culturally specific characteristics, as proposed by Vázquez, Tondo, Mazzarini, and Gonda (2012).…”