Affective Facial Expression Processing in 15-Month-Old Infants Who Have Experienced Maltreatment

Curtis, W. John; Cicchetti, Dante

doi:10.1177/1077559513487944

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Over the past several decades, a number of studies have found considerable importance for the consequences of maltreatment that occurs during the early years of life (Cicchetti, Rogosch, Gunnar, & Toth, 2010; Curtis & Cicchetti, 2013; Dunn, McLaughlin, Slopen, Rosand, & Smoller, 2013; Kaplow & Widom, 2007; Manly, Kim, Rogosch, & Cicchetti, 2001). This research on the effects of early child maltreatment has important implications for understanding the process of brain development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child maltreatment, inflammation, and internalizing symptoms: Investigating the roles of C-reactive protein, gene variation, and neuroendocrine regulation

2015

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Prior research has found inconsistent evidence regarding the association among childhood adversity, inflammation, and internalizing symptoms, perhaps because previous studies have yet to adequately integrate important factors such as the timing of the adversity, genetic variation, and other relevant processes such as neuroendocrine regulation. The aims of the present study were threefold: 1) Determine whether the effect of the timing of child maltreatment on C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, varies by CRP gene variation; 2) Explore whether links between salivary CRP and childhood internalizing symptoms depend on the presence and timing of maltreatment experiences; 3) Investigate the role of CRP in the relations between child neuroendocrine regulation and internalizing symptoms and examine whether these associations are moderated by the presence and timing of child maltreatment. Participants included a sample of 267 maltreated and 222 nonmaltreated children (M age= 9.72, SD=0.99; 52.4% male; 66% African-American) who attended a summer day camp research program designed for school-aged low-income children. Department of Human Services records were examined to determine the onset and recency of maltreatment for children in the maltreated group. Results indicated that among children with recent onset maltreatment, those with at least one A allele from CRP SNP rs1417938 evidenced significantly higher CRP levels compared to recently maltreated children carrying the TT genotype. Moreover, higher levels of CRP were associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms only for recently maltreated children. Finally, we did not find support for salivary CRP as a mechanism in the relation between neuroendocrine regulation and childhood internalizing symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of the timing of child maltreatment and have important implications for characterizing variability in inflammation and internalizing symptoms among youth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child maltreatment, inflammation, and internalizing symptoms: Investigating the roles of C-reactive protein, gene variation, and neuroendocrine regulation

2015

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“…Several other studies using event-related potentials and behavioral evidence have found a sensitivity bias to perceive anger in physically abused children (Pollak & Sinha, 2002; Pollak, Vardi, Pultzer-Bechner, & Curtin, 2005; Shackman, Shackman, & Pollak, 2007) and, more generally, in a sample of maltreated children (Curtis & Cicchetti, 2011, 2013; Leist & Dadds, 2009; Masten et al, 2008; Pollak, Klorman, Brumaghim, & Cicchetti, 2001). In an attempt to explain these findings, Pollak et al (2005) suggested that in abusive home environments children learn to associate anger with threat of harm and therefore, they are hypervigilant to anger in their environment.…”

Section: Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Processingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Long-term effects of child abuse and neglect on emotion processing in adulthood

Young

Widom

2014

Child Abuse & Neglect

230

150

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“…Studies using a range of behavioural and electrophysiological testing paradigms with maltreated children and adolescents suggest that various forms of early adversity are associated with long‐term impairments in the threat‐ and fear‐processing systems. These changes are detectable as early as 15 months, and include preferential attention to threatening information, heightened neural response to negative stimuli and enhanced perceptual ability for cues associated with danger, such as angry faces (Curtis & Cicchetti, ; Pollak & Sinha, ; Pollak & Tolley‐Schell, ; Pollak, Vardi, Putzer Bechner, & Curtin, ). Animal data also point to the existence of a causal link between early adverse experiences (such as reduced maternal care) and long‐lasting neurophysiological changes in brain regions, such as the amygdala, striatum and hippocampus, involved in threat detection and stress responses (Caldji, Diorio, & Meaney, ; Caldji et al., ; Meaney, ).…”

Section: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and The Study Of Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Research Review: Childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry – the contribution of functional brain imaging

McCrory

Gerin

Viding

2017

Child Psychology Psychiatry

261

245

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Background: Childhood maltreatment is a potent predictor of poor mental health across the life span. We argue that there is a need to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that confer psychiatric vulnerability following maltreatment, if we are to progress from simply treating those with a manifest disorder, to developing effective preventative approaches that can help offset the likelihood that such disorders will emerge in the first place. Methods: We review extant functional neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents exposed to early neglect and/or maltreatment, including physical, sexual and emotional abuse across four neurocognitive domains: threat processing, reward processing, emotion regulation and executive control. Findings are discussed in the context of 'latent vulnerability', where alterations in neurocognitive function are considered to carry adaptive value in early adverse caregiving environments but confer long-term risk. Results: Studies on threat processing indicate heightened as well as depressed neural responsiveness in maltreated samples, particularly in the amygdala, thought to reflect threat hypervigilance and avoidance respectively. Studies on reward processing generally report blunted neural response to anticipation and receipt of rewards, particularly in the striatum, patterns associated with depressive symptomatology. Studies on emotion regulation report increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during active emotion regulation, possibly reflecting greater effortful processing. Finally, studies of executive control report increased dorsal ACC activity during error monitoring and inhibition. Conclusions: An emerging body of work indicates that altered neurocognitive functioning following maltreatment: (a) is evident even in the absence of overt psychopathology; (b) is consistent with perturbations seen in individuals presenting with psychiatric disorder; (c) can predict future psychiatric symptomatology. These findings suggest that maltreatment leads to neurocognitive alterations that embed latent vulnerability to psychiatric disorder, establishing a compelling case for identifying those children at most risk and developing mechanistically informed models of preventative intervention. Such interventions should aim to offset the likelihood of any future psychiatric disorder.

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Affective Facial Expression Processing in 15-Month-Old Infants Who Have Experienced Maltreatment

Cited by 56 publications

References 82 publications

Child maltreatment, inflammation, and internalizing symptoms: Investigating the roles of C-reactive protein, gene variation, and neuroendocrine regulation

Child maltreatment, inflammation, and internalizing symptoms: Investigating the roles of C-reactive protein, gene variation, and neuroendocrine regulation

Long-term effects of child abuse and neglect on emotion processing in adulthood

Annual Research Review: Childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry – the contribution of functional brain imaging

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