Affective Determinants of Physical Activity: A Conceptual Framework and Narrative Review

Stevens, Caitlin; Baldwin, Austin S.; Bryan, Angela D.; Conner, Mark; Rhodes, Ryan E.; Williams, David M.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568331

Cited by 86 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 197 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Further, while many of the constructs in M-PAC have a large evidence base from parent domains of health and social psychology, the relationship between perceived capability and opportunity, and identity and habit need considerably more research attention. Indeed, the domain of reflexive processes in PA is still within its infancy with many different directions that are promising to create a more complex and informative understanding of PA ( Rebar et al, 2016 ; Chevance et al, 2019 ; Stevens et al, 2020 ) that will need consideration in future variations of the M-PAC schematic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Process Action Control in Physical Activity: A Primer

Rhodes

2021

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gap between the decision to engage in physical activity and subsequent behavioral enactment is considerable for many. Action control theories focus on this discordance in an attempt to improve the translation of intention into behavior. The purpose of this mini-review was to overview one of these approaches, the multi-process action control (M-PAC) framework, which has evolved from a collection of previous works. The main concepts and operational structure of M-PAC was overviewed followed by applications of the framework in physical activity, and concluded with unanswered questions, limitations, and possibilities for future research. In M-PAC, it is suggested that three layered processes (reflective, regulatory, reflexive) build upon each other from the formation of an intention to a sustained profile of physical activity action control. Intention-behavior discordance is because of strategic challenges in goal pursuit (differences in outcome vs. behavioral goals; balancing multiple behavioral goals) and automatic tendencies (approach-avoidance, conservation of energy expenditure). Regulatory processes (prospective and reactive tactics) are employed to hold the relationship between reflective processes and behavior concordant by countering these strategic challenges and automatic tendencies until the development of reflexive processes (habit, identity) begin to co-determine action control. Results from 29 observational and preliminary experimental studies generally support the proposed M-PAC framework. Future research is needed to explore the temporal dynamic between reflexive and regulatory constructs, and implement M-PAC interventions in different forms (e.g., mobile health), and at different levels of scale (clinical, group, population).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Process Action Control in Physical Activity: A Primer

Rhodes

2021

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At this juncture, intersecting lines of research strongly suggest that humans possess wants/desires for movement and rest behaviors ( Iqbal et al, 2007 ; Beeler et al, 2012 ; Levitin et al, 2018 ; Williams et al, 2019 ; Casper, 2020 ; Stults-Kolehmainen et al, 2020a ). However, a review study in this special issue reports that “little to no research has been conducted to directly measure craving/desire for PA” ( Stevens et al, 2020 ). Most importantly, scientific inquiry to strengthen our understanding of these desires is currently impeded by a lack of validated instrumentation ( Rauch et al, 2013 ; Williams and Bohlen, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Development and Validation of the CRAVE Scale

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical activity, and likely the motivation for it, varies throughout the day. The aim of this investigation was to create a short assessment (CRAVE: Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure) to measure motivation states (wants, desires, urges) for physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Five studies were conducted to develop and evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the scale, with 1,035 participants completing the scale a total of 1,697 times. In Study 1, 402 university students completed a questionnaire inquiring about the want or desire to perform behaviors “at the present moment (right now).” Items related to physical activity (e.g., “move my body”) and sedentary behaviors (e.g., “do nothing active”). An exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) revealed that 10 items should be retained, loading onto two factors (5 each for Move and Rest). In Study 2, an independent sample (n = 444) confirmed these results and found that Move and Rest desires were associated with stage-of-change for exercise behavior. In Study 3, 127 community-residing participants completed the CRAVE at 6-month intervals over two years- two times each session. Across-session interclass correlations (ICC) for Move (ICC = 0.72–0.95) and Rest (ICC = 0.69–0.88) were higher than when they were measured across 24-months (Move: ICC = 0.53; Rest: ICC = 0.49), indicating wants/desires have state-like qualities. In Study 4, a maximal treadmill test was completed by 21 university students. The CRAVE was completed immediately pre and post. Move desires decreased 26% and Rest increased 74%. Changes in Move and Rest desires were moderately associated with changes in perceived physical fatigue and energy. In Study 5, 41 university students sat quietly during a 50-min lecture. They completed the CRAVE at 3 time points. Move increased 19.6% and Rest decreased 16.7%. Small correlations were detected between move and both perceived energy and tiredness, but not calmness or tension. In conclusion, the CRAVE scale has good psychometric properties. These data also support tenets of the WANT model of motivation states for movement and rest (Stults-Kolehmainen et al., 2020a). Future studies need to explore how desires to move/rest relate to dynamic changes in physical activity and sedentarism.

show abstract

“…However, substantial interindividual response variability has been demonstrated (Ekkekakis et al, 2011) and exercise characteristics (e.g., intensity, modality) seem to have a decisive influence (Stork et al, 2017). Affective response can be viewed as an umbrella term for numerous interrelated constructs, while current literature has highlighted core affective valence as the crucial component (Ekkekakis et al, 2020;Stevens et al, 2020), which is primitive and limited to basic appraisals of pleasure and displeasure (Russell and Barrett, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Endurance Exercise Modalities, Different Affective Response: A Within-Subject Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Affect experienced during an exercise session is supposed to predict future exercise behavior. However, empirical evidence reveals high variability in affective response to different exercise modalities. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare acute affective response and its variation during three different endurance exercise modalities: (a) moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE), (b) vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE), and (c) high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Using the dual-mode theory as a theoretical framework, cognitive and interoceptive factors were considered as potential predictors of in-task affective response. In a within-subject design, 40 insufficiently active healthy participants (aged from 20 to 40 years) attended three sessions per exercise modality on a cycle ergometer. Affective valence (measured by the Feeling Scale), two cognitive factors (perceived competence and awareness of interoceptive cues), and one interoceptive factor (heart rate) were assessed before, during, and after each exercise session. Mixed models with three levels (subject, exercise session, and time point) revealed more positive affective valence during MICE compared with VICE (p < 0.001) and HIIE (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference between the latter two. Levene's test results showed the highest variability of in-task affective valence during VICE (ps < 0.01). Regarding the course across the session, MICE was associated with a constant slight increase in affective valence from pre- to post-exercise (p < 0.05), whereas VICE and HIIE caused a decline in pleasure, followed by an affective rebound immediately after exercise termination (ps < 0.01). The highest importance of cognitive and interoceptive factors for in-task affective valence was observed in VICE (ps < 0.05). The current findings provide support for the tenets of the dual-mode theory, however, indicating that there may be differences in the affect-intensity relationship between continuous and interval exercise. In conclusion, the study results concerning previously insufficiently active individuals extend the knowledge of how exercise can positively shape affective well-being depending on exercise modality and psychophysiological influences. This knowledge enables public health practitioners to design more individualized activity recommendations, thereby improving the subjective experience of exercise.

show abstract

Affective Determinants of Physical Activity: A Conceptual Framework and Narrative Review

Cited by 86 publications

References 197 publications

Multi-Process Action Control in Physical Activity: A Primer

Multi-Process Action Control in Physical Activity: A Primer

Measurement of Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Development and Validation of the CRAVE Scale

Different Endurance Exercise Modalities, Different Affective Response: A Within-Subject Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About