Affective-cognitive consistency, attitudes, conformity, and behavior.

This correlational study explored the psychological antecedents of Indonesian bodybuilders' intentions to use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The purpose of this research was to identify factors that influence an Titah and Barki (2009), as suggested by Chang (1998) and Aarts et al. (1998), who stated that a person whose positive subjective norms move them toward overt behavior, it will lead to a positive attitude toward the behavior. Future research directions are suggested regarding several areas.

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“…Norman (1975) argued that attitudes caused behaviors. Bem (1972) argued also that behaviors caused attitudes.…”

Section: Theory and Research Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Theory of Planned Behavior as Model of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use by Indonesian Bodybuilders

Patiro¹,

Dharmmesta

Nugroho

et al. 2016

JIEB

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“…This means that the strength of an attitude is influenced by the consistency or agreement between the affective and cognitive components of the attitude. Consistency between these two components is typically considered to be indicative of stable attitudes that tend to be better predictors of behaviour than the attitudes of individuals with low affective cognitive consistency (ACC) (Norman, 1975). Therefore, researchers have proposed that affective cognitive consistency is a moderator of the attitude behaviour relationship that may shed light on the inconsistent findings regarding the relationship thus far.…”

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confidence: 99%

Affective-cognitive consistency of attitude as a moderator of the job satisfaction-performance relationship

Visser

Coetzee

2005

SA j ind psychol

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Past research has often shown that job satisfaction and job performance are uncorrelated. The current study was an attempt to clarify the relationship by examining the role of affective-cognitive consistency (ACC) to test whether attitudinal consistency affects the strength of the relationship. A secondary objective was to assess whether modified versions of the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale (OJS) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), administered to 166 full-time employees from a variety of companies, may be regarded as affective and cognitive measures of job satisfaction respectively. This view was supported by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic results. Overall job satisfaction was measured by a composite of the modified OJS and MSQ, and job performance was rated on a 10-point scale by the employees’ supervisors. Respondents’ scores on the modified OJS and MSQ were then used to form groups that were high or low in ACC. For employees who displayed high ACC regarding their job satisfaction attitudes, medium to large positive correlations between the job satisfaction measures and performance were obtained. In contrast, non-significant correlations were recorded for the low ACC groups. The hypothesis that ACC is a significant moderator of the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance was therefore supported. <b>Opsomming</b> Vorige navorsing het dikwels getoon dat werktevredenheid en werkprestasie nie korreleer nie. Dié ondersoek was ’n poging om lig te werp op hierdie verwantskap deur die rol van affektiewe-kognitiewe konsekwentheid (AKK) te ondersoek ten einde te toets of houdingkonsekwentheid die sterkte van die verwantskap beïnvloed. ’n Sekondêre doelwit was om te bepaal of gewysigde weergawes van die Overall Job Satisfaction Scale (OJS) en die Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), toegepas op 166 voltydse werknemers van ’n verskeidenheid ondernemings, as affektiewe en kognitiewe metings van werktevredenheid respektiewelik, beskou kan word. Hierdie beskouing is ondersteun deur ondersoekende en bevestigende faktoranalitiese resultate. Algemene werktevredenheid is gemeet deur ’n kombinasie van die gewysigde OJS en MSQ en werkprestasie is beoordeel op ’n 10-punt skaal deur die werknemers se toesighouers. Respondente se tellings op die gewysigde OJS en MSQ is hierna gebruik om groepe te vorm wat hoog of laag in terme van AKK was. Vir werknemers met hoë AKK betreffende hul werktevredenheidhoudings is medium tot hoë positiewe korrelasies tussen die werktevredenheidmetings en prestasie behaal. In kontras hiermee is onbetekenisvolle korrelasies vir die lae AKK-groepe aangeteken. Die hipotese dat AKK ’n beduidende moderator van die verwantskap tussen werktevredenheid en werkprestasie is, is dus ondersteun

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“…In the second study with relevant data, Norman (1975) measured the same students' attitudes toward volunteering to be a subject for psychological research two times, separated by a 3-week interval. The overall attitude index was more highly correlated with subsequent behavior for the second administration (r = .47) than for the first (r = .37), but this difference was not significant.…”

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Temporal instability as a moderator of the attitude–behavior relationship.

Schwartz¹

1978

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

100

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The effects of temporal instability in attitudes on the attitude-behavior relationship were examined in a study of volunteering to tutor blind children. A mailed appeal was received by 286 Israeli undergraduates who had completed a questionnaire either 3 months, 6 months, or both 3 and 6 months earlier, or not at all. Embedded in the questionnaire were attitude items on altruistic acts (including tutoring blind children) and on various controversial issues. The attitude-behavior correlation was higher over the shorter time interval (.47 vs. .13), and data from the group whose attitudes were measured twice indicated this was due to real change in individuals' attitudes. A specific attitude and its corresponding behavior correlated more strongly among those whose general set of altruistic attitudes showed high rather than low temporal stability (.47 vs.-.03), but stability of the specific attitude did not moderate this correlation. Characteristics of attitudes that might influence their stability are discussed, and it is shown that attitude stability is not a general trait.In 1931, Thurstone suggested that temporal instability in attitudes weakens the relation of attitudes to behavior. Although numerous theorists and researchers have reiterated this point over the years (e.g., Alwin, 1973;Fishbein, 1967;Schuman & Johnson, 1976;Schwartz & Tessler, 1972;Wicker, 1969), not a single published research study has directly examined whether real change in individuals' attitudes contributes to attitude-behavior discrepancies. The present study addresses this question from two vantage points. First, it compares the predictive validity of specific attitudes measured at different temporal removes from behavior. Second, it examines the relative predictability of behavior among groups that differ in the stability of their underlying general attitudes.Two studies concerned with other questions have mentioned data bearing on whether the The research reported here was supported by National Science Foundation Grant SOC72-05147. I am grateful to Esther Geva and Avi Gottlieb for their aid in conducting the study and to Thomas Heberlein, Gerald Harwell, Jane Piliavin, G. William Walster, and J. Stanley Black for their comments on an earlier draft.Requests for reprints should be sent to Shalom H. Schwartz, Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. predictive validity of attitudes diminishes with the passage of time prior to behavior. Kelley and Mirer (1974) found that attitudes correctly predicted voting for an average of 85% of their sample in the presidential elections from 1952 to 1964. For respondents whose attitudes reflected conflict or indifference over the election, 28% of the variance in errors of prediction was explained by the number of days that intervened between the interview and the election. With each doubling of time, the error rate rose by 4 percentage points.This evidence foi the importance of change in attitudes cannot be generalized easily to other attitude-behavior settings, howev...

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Affective-cognitive consistency, attitudes, conformity, and behavior.

Cited by 181 publications

References 15 publications

Extended Theory of Planned Behavior as Model of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use by Indonesian Bodybuilders

Extended Theory of Planned Behavior as Model of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use by Indonesian Bodybuilders

Affective-cognitive consistency of attitude as a moderator of the job satisfaction-performance relationship

Temporal instability as a moderator of the attitude–behavior relationship.

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