Affective Automotive User Interfaces–Reviewing the State of Driver Affect Research and Emotion Regulation in the Car

Abstract

Affective technology offers exciting opportunities to improve road safety by catering to human emotions. Modern car interiors enable the contactless detection of user states, paving the way for a systematic promotion of safe driver behavior through emotion regulation. We review the current literature regarding the impact of emotions on driver behavior and analyze the state of emotion regulation approaches in the car. We summarize challenges for affective interaction in the form of technological hurdles and methodological considerations, as well as opportunities to improve road safety by reinstating drivers into an emotionally balanced state. The purpose of this review is to outline the community’s combined knowledge for interested researchers, to provide a focussed introduction for practitioners, raise awareness for cultural aspects, and to identify future directions for affective interaction in the car.

A multimodal psychological, physiological and behavioural dataset for human emotions in driving tasks

“…Further, affective computing studies have focused on the detection of human emotion states based on different emotional expressions 6 , 28 . Moreover, the human-machine-interface like visual and auditory interface could affect the human’s emotions in driving tasks 15 , 29 .…”

Diseño de interfaces de sistemas interactivos utilizando técnicas de machine learning: una revisión del diseño y la usabilidad

“…Además, el estudio de la interacción no debe limitarse a computadoras o dispositivos portables, como celulares, tabletas, etcétera. Braun et al (2021) plantean el concepto de UI afectiva para la conducción de automóviles. Tomando como base la detección de emociones que provienen del conductor, este modelo considera las preferencias y características permanentes de los usuarios.…”

“…Pressman (2010) plantea que la flexibilidad de la interfaz es un aspecto muy importante para el diseño de la interfaz de usuario (UI, por sus siglas en inglés), dada la diversidad de usuarios que utilizarán el sistema. Por otro lado, Braun et al (2021) muestran que las emociones son una gran fuente de entradas y salidas al interactuar con el sistema. También, mediante muestreo y obtención de datos, se puede producir un ciclo de retroalimentación para generar UI más adaptativas al usuario, sin dejar de prestar atención a aspectos tan diversos como los culturales y sociales.…”

How Can Autonomous Vehicles Convey Emotions to Pedestrians? A Review of Emotionally Expressive Non-Humanoid Robots

“…Apart from influencing perception and empathic understanding, emotion in HRI is known for its function to regulate and guide human decision-making and behavior, biasing the interaction process away from negative or harmful results [10]. For example, a majority of in-car affective human-machine interfaces (HMIs) use expressive cues, such as emotional music, ambient light, or empathic speech, to regulate drivers into an emotionally balanced state and thus promote safe driving behavior [46]. Similarly, AVs expressing emotions through external affective cues may help regulate the traffic climate [47], especially when other road users disagree with AVs' decisions (e.g., road rage toward the AV's maneuver [39]).…”