Affective antecedents of revenge

O'Connor, Kieran; Adams, Gabrielle S.

doi:10.1017/s0140525x12000556

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Civilians who suffer at the hands of insurgents, however, must take a risky action to inform. Although revenge motives in some settings are found to be relatively insensitive to consideration of the potential risks (O’Connor and Adams 2013; Carlsmith, Darley, and Robinson 2002), the risks of informing versus abstaining from doing so were starkly different in Iraq. Not informing in Iraq was the normal thing to do; the vast majority of citizens did not inform, and there was no punishment for abstention.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Civilian Casualties on Wartime Informing: Evidence from the Iraq War

Shaver

Shapiro

2021

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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Scholars of civil war and insurgency have long posited that insurgent organizations and their state enemies incur costs for the collateral damage they cause. We provide the first direct quantitative evidence that wartime informing to counterinsurgent forces is affected by civilian victimization. Using newly declassified data on tip flow to Coalition forces in Iraq we find that information flow goes down after government forces inadvertently kill civilians and it goes up when insurgents do so. These results confirm a relationship long posited in the theoretical literature on insurgency but never directly observed, have strong policy implications, and are consistent with a broad range of circumstantial evidence on the topic.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Civilian Casualties on Wartime Informing: Evidence from the Iraq War

Shaver

Shapiro

2021

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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“…Secondly, although sexual violence is doubtlessly a severe and criminal offense, victims of sexual violence appeared inclined to avoid rather than avenge the perpetrator. Hence, offense severity can only be part of the explanation, and future studies on revenge and forgiveness in response to victimization might incorporate offense type to examine whether victims of different types of offenses come to a different cost-benefit appraisal of retaliation (McCullough et al, 2013), experience different (or more intense) emotions (Aureli & Schaffner, 2013;O'Connor & Adams, 2013), and/or make different moral evaluations of the offender (Gintis, 2013). Having said that, it should be noted that the associations of offense types with TRIMs were modest, emphasizing the need to investigate individual differences such as victims' social information processing (Dodge et al, 1990), general orientation towards justice (Wenzel et al, 2008), and implicit theories about personality (Dweck, Chiu, & Hong, 1995).…”

Section: Implications: Research and Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Offense Type as Determinant of Revenge and Forgiveness After Victimization: Adolescents’ Responses to Injustice and Aggression

Gerlsma

Lugtmeyer

2016

Journal of School Violence

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Victims of injustice and aggression may have strong feelings about the perpetrator(s) that may impede their efforts to cope with the victimizing experience. We examined to what extent adolescents' interpersonal responses to victimization in terms of revenge and forgiveness depend on offense type. Of 455 Dutch students from various educational levels, 379 participants reported being victimized by incidents of injustice, aggression, or violence. These incidents were categorized according to type and related to respondents' self-reported revenge, avoidance, and benevolence toward the perpetrator. Victims of criminal offenses (physical and sexual violence, theft, and threat) reported less forgiving motivations than victims of noncriminal transgressions (bullying, ostracism, and other forms of indirect aggression). Sexual violence primarily elicited avoidance, rather than revenge. Gender differences in responses to victimization depended on offense type, too. Hence, to enhance our knowledge about revenge and forgiveness after victimization, future studies may need to take offense characteristics into account.

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“…According to mental health research, emotion is the primary response of injustice events and a drive-in decision making for seeking revenge (Nussbaum, 2016;Potegal & Spielberger, 2010;O'Connor & Adams, 2013). Therefore, anger could be a nuclear threat toward healthy, constructive interpersonal relationships when revenge emerges from the emotion.…”

Section: Implicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otherwise, revenge caused by hatred is more possessive and aimed inwardly. A hater does not show empathy, and because of the character of being obsessive, they do not have to feel or experience their vulnerability (O'Connor & Adams, 2013).…”

Section: Implicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Offense and Mutual Forgiveness Collide Yearly in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study During Eid al-Fitr

Gunawan

2020

ProGCouns

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One custom of Indonesian Muslims during Eid al-Fitr is to celebrate Ramadhan's end by requesting and giving forgiveness amongst Muslims. This celebration is the symbol of the triumph of the Muslims after a month of fasting and going back to being sinless like a newborn child. While mutual forgiveness has become an adhering religious practice, there is still limited analysis of how individuals deal with themselves about the observed offensive event with other people, and the spiritual practice of forgiving each other. Ten participants who participated in this research to address this issue. To evaluate the gathered data, the researcher conducted a content analysis. Results indicate that pardoning criminals during the Eid al-Fitr can be attainable. Not all the participants could forgive, however, simply because it was during a religious practice. Other causal factors to forgive are the degree of damage, anger, and recognition of the traumatic encounter.Keywords: Offense, Forgiveness, Eid al-Fitr, Resentment, Indonesia

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Affective antecedents of revenge

Abstract: We propose that revenge responses are often influenced more by affective reactions than by deliberate decision making as McCullough et al. suggest. We review social psychological evidence suggesting that justice judgments and reactions may be determined more by emotions than by cognitions.

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

The Effect of Civilian Casualties on Wartime Informing: Evidence from the Iraq War

The Effect of Civilian Casualties on Wartime Informing: Evidence from the Iraq War

Offense Type as Determinant of Revenge and Forgiveness After Victimization: Adolescents’ Responses to Injustice and Aggression

When Offense and Mutual Forgiveness Collide Yearly in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study During Eid al-Fitr

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