“…These studies have revealed that a key regulatory process in externally guided decisionmaking is the ability to monitor and resolve conflict between correct responses and erroneous responses (Bland and Schaefer, 2011;Botvinick, 2007;Botvinick et al, 2001;Mennes et al, 2008;Smith et al, 2009;Smoski et al, 2009). Especially, event-related brain potential (ERP) reports have described that the strength of conflict between correct and error response is reflected in the amplitudes of fronto-central stimulus-locked N2 (Bartholow et al, 2005;Fritzsche et al, 2010;van Veen and Carter, 2002b;Yeung et al, 2004) and response-locked correct/conflict-related negativity (CRN) (Bartholow et al, 2005;Fritzsche et al, 2010;Masaki et al, 2007;Simon-Thomas and Knight, 2005;Vidal et al, 2003) as well as reaction times (RTs) (Fritzsche et al, 2010;Masaki et al, 2007;Takezawa and Miyatani, 2005). Both of these negative ERP components are known to originate from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), which is thought to play a role in conflict-monitoring (Ridderinkhof et al, 2004;van Veen and Carter, 2002a;Vlamings et al, 2008;Yeung and Nieuwenhuis, 2009).…”