Affect of Microgravity on Cardiac Shape: Comparison of Pre- And in-Flight Data to Mathematical Modeling

May, Chris; Borowski, Allen G.; Martin, David O.; Popovic, Zoran; Negishi, Kazuaki; Hussan, Jagir R.; Gladding, Patrick; Hunter, Peter; Iskovitz, Ilana; Kassemi, Mohammed; Bungo, Michael W.; Levine, Benjamin D.; Thomas, James D.

doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(14)61096-2

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Arteriosclerosis (Hughson et al, 2016: Garrett-Bakelman et al, 2019 Aggregates of endolhelial cells (Krüger et al, 2019) Heart change in shape (May et al, 2014) Arrhythmias (Respress et al, 2014) change in structure-function of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes Ca handling (Wnorowski et al, 2019) Bone Increased activity of osteoclasts and the decreased activity of osteoblasts (Stavnichuk et al, 2020) fractures and osteoporosis (Grimm et al, 2016) muscle loss of muscle mass (Stein and Blanc, 2011) Muscle fatigue and pain, weakness and lack of movement coordination (Fitts et al, 2000).…”

Section: Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, most of these cardiovascular changes returned to normal within approximately 6 months. In addition, doctor James Thomas has shown that after 6 months in space the astronaut's heart typically become more spheroidal in shape, possibly because it worked less harshly in microgravity conditions (May et al, 2014). The team of NASA researchers led by Thomas taught astronauts to take images of their heart, using ultrasonic equipment installed on the ISS, before, during and after the mission.…”

Section: Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data showed that in the absence of gravity the astronaut's heart became more spherical by 9.4%, a transformation similar to what researchers had predicted in the past, using mathematical models. However, this phenomenon seemed to be temporary as, upon returning to Earth, the hear quickly regained its original elongated shape (May et al, 2014). The space environment also affects bone structure and function.…”

Section: Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spaceflight Induced Disorders: Potential Nutritional Countermeasures

Costa

Ambesi-Impiombato

Beccari

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Space travel is an extreme experience even for the astronaut who has received extensive basic training in various fields, from aeronautics to engineering, from medicine to physics and biology. Microgravity puts a strain on members of space crews, both physically and mentally: short-term or long-term travel in orbit the International Space Station may have serious repercussions on the human body, which may undergo physiological changes affecting almost all organs and systems, particularly at the muscular, cardiovascular and bone compartments. This review aims to highlight recent studies describing damages of human body induced by the space environment for microgravity, and radiation. All novel conditions, to ally unknown to the Darwinian selection strategies on Earth, to which we should add the psychological stress that astronauts suffer due to the inevitable forced cohabitation in claustrophobic environments, the deprivation from their affections and the need to adapt to a new lifestyle with molecular changes due to the confinement. In this context, significant nutritional deficiencies with consequent molecular mechanism changes in the cells that induce to the onset of physiological and cognitive impairment have been considered.

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Section: Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spaceflight Induced Disorders: Potential Nutritional Countermeasures

Costa

Ambesi-Impiombato

Beccari

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…In addition, during spaceflight, the configuration of the heart changes from being more elliptical on Earth to more spherical in space. The mean spherical index changed by 9.4%—from 2.01 on Earth to 1.82 in µ g —a finding that verifies the anatomical change of the heart in space [ 99 ]. The heart shape and left ventricular mass returned to normal form 3 days postflight [ 98 ].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseases Related To Microgravity (In Vivo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cardiovascular System in Space: Focus on In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

et al. 2021

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On Earth, humans are subjected to a gravitational force that has been an important determinant in human evolution and function. During spaceflight, astronauts are subjected to several hazards including a prolonged state of microgravity that induces a myriad of physiological adaptations leading to orthostatic intolerance. This review summarises all known cardiovascular diseases related to human spaceflight and focusses on the cardiovascular changes related to human spaceflight (in vivo) as well as cellular and molecular changes (in vitro). Upon entering microgravity, cephalad fluid shift occurs and increases the stroke volume (35–46%) and cardiac output (18–41%). Despite this increase, astronauts enter a state of hypovolemia (10–15% decrease in blood volume). The absence of orthostatic pressure and a decrease in arterial pressures reduces the workload of the heart and is believed to be the underlying mechanism for the development of cardiac atrophy in space. Cellular and molecular changes include altered cell shape and endothelial dysfunction through suppressed cellular proliferation as well as increased cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Human spaceflight is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors. Through the use of microgravity platforms, multiple physiological changes can be studied and stimulate the development of appropriate tools and countermeasures for future human spaceflight missions in low Earth orbit and beyond.

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“…The cardiovascular system adapts to the new conditions after a time 10 , however blood content in the lower part of the body remains unnaturally low and long-term stay in space impairs vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex 11 and leads to, e.g. a change in heart shape and loss of heart muscle mass 12 . Returns from space missions are also aggressive for the body due to symptoms accompanying them, such as orthostatic intolerance, hypotension, dizziness and syncope 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of a novel system for inducing orthostatic challenge by tilt tests and lower body negative pressure

Dziuda

Krej

Śmietanowski

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is a method derived from space medicine, which in recent years has been increasingly used by clinicians to assess the efficiency of the cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms. LBNP with combined tilt testing is considered as an effective form of training to prevent orthostatic intolerance. We have developed a prototype system comprising a tilt table and LBNP chamber, and tested it in the context of the feasibility of the device for assessing the pilots’ efficiency. The table allows for controlled tilting in the range from −45 to +80° at the maximum change rate of 45°/s. The LBNP value can smoothly be adjusted down to −100 mmHg at up to 20 mmHg/s. 17 subjects took part in the pilot study. A 24-minute scenario included −100 mmHg supine LBNP, head up tilt (HUT) and −60 mmHg LBNP associated with HUT, separated by resting phases. The most noticeable changes were observed in stroke volume (SV). During supine LBNP, HUT and the combined stimulus, a decrease of the SV value by 20%, 40% and below 50%, respectively, were detected. The proposed system can map any pre-programed tilt and LBNP profiles, and the pilot study confirmed the efficiency of performing experimental procedures.

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Affect of Microgravity on Cardiac Shape: Comparison of Pre- And in-Flight Data to Mathematical Modeling

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Spaceflight Induced Disorders: Potential Nutritional Countermeasures

Spaceflight Induced Disorders: Potential Nutritional Countermeasures

The Cardiovascular System in Space: Focus on In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Development and evaluation of a novel system for inducing orthostatic challenge by tilt tests and lower body negative pressure

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