Affect contagion in beginning psychotherapists

Abstract

RESULTS Table 1 compares male and female mean scores for age, P I L a.nd C-Scales.Both male and female mean PIL Scores are lower than those for similar groups already reported'', z). Sex differences a t the .01 level were found for mean PIL, Anti-hedonism, and Religion-puritanism scores, in favour of males. Females had less purpose in life than males, but were more religious. They were also more anti-hedonistic and idealistic. Table 2 shows the product-moment intercorrelations of P I L scores with age and C-Scale scores.All significant correlations are at the .01 level. I n males purpose in life is related positively to Conservatism, Idealism, Anti-hedonism, and Religionpuritanism. For females purpose in life is related only to Idealism and Antihedonism.Further research is needed to determine whether Purpose in Life is related to social attitudes similarly in the normal population. SUMMARYThe Purpose-in-Life Test (PIL) and Conservatism Scale (C-Scale) were administered to 84 male and 97 female psychiatric patients. For males purpose in life was related positively to Conservatism, Idealism, Anti-hedorksm, and Religionpuritanism, but only to Idealism and Anti-hedonism for females. REFERENCES 1. CnuMBAuGH, J. C. Cross validation of Purpose-in-Life Test based on Frankl's concepts. J. indiuid. Psychol., 1968, S4, 74-81. 2. CnuMBAuGH, J. c. and MAHOLICK, L. T. An experimental study in existentialism: The psychometric approach to Frankl's concept of noogenic neurosis.

Contagion of depressive symptoms and mood: Meta-analytic review and explanations from cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal viewpoints.

“…3.It should be noted that studies outside the Coyne theory literature are relevant to anxiety contagion, as well as contagion of other moods. For example, Behnke, Sawyer, and King (1994) reported that a public speaker's state anxiety was a function of the state anxiety of the preceding speaker; Donner and Schonfield (1975) found contagion of anxiety and other moods between therapists and patients. Regarding nonanxious moods, Schachter and Singer's (1962) classic experiment demonstrated that anger and elation were contagious, especially when participants were physiologically aroused.…”

Differences between more and less effective psychotherapists: A study of select therapist variables.

“…These reviews cite the studies of Anchor (1977), Bergin (1966), Bergin andJasper (1969), Bergin and Soloman (1970), Bugen (1979), Cutler (1958, Donner and Schonfield (1975), Garfield and Bergin (1971), Moras and Strupp (1982), Ricks (1974), Singer and Luborsky (1977), VandenBos and Karon (1971), and Wogan (1970. These studies all suggest that the therapist's level of emotional stability can be positively related to various process and outcome criteria.…”

The person of the therapist in psychotherapeutic practice.

“…When the clients’ material was less conflictual for therapists, the therapists were more able to respond in ways that facilitated the clients’ growth. A study by Donner & Schonfield (1975) revealed that student therapists who were characterized by high conflict levels tended to respond with more anxiety to clients’ depressive statements than therapists with low conflict levels. Therapists responding to surveys have reported that their personal therapy (Buckley et al, 1981; Prochaska & Norcross, 1983) and their work as therapists (Farber, 1983) enhance their self-esteem and their functioning.…”