Aetiology of neonatal conjunctivitis evaluated in a population‐based setting

Honkila, Minna; Renko, Marjo; Ikäheimo, Irma; Pokka, Tytti; Uhari, Matti; Tapiainen, Terhi

doi:10.1111/apa.14227

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We therefore used the feline albumin qPCR assay described by Helfer-Hungerbuehler et al to quantify feline genome equivalents (used as a proxy for host cell yields) [ 50 ]. The use of flocked swabs resulted in higher host cell yields compared to cytology brushes, which is in line with previous studies where flocked swabs were successfully used for detecting ocular chlamydial infections in pigs [ 35 ] and humans [ 38 ]. We did not investigate whether using either sampling device had an effect on the chlamydial detection rate; therefore, the biological relevance of our finding is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Due to the obligate intracellular nature of Chlamydiaceae , sufficient numbers of host cells must be collected in the sampling process to ensure detection of the pathogen. In previous studies, cytology brushes were often reported as collection devices for conjunctival samples, but flocked swabs have been successfully used as well [ 13 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Yet, some authors claimed that cytology brushes appear to collect more cells and would therefore be associated with increased detection rates [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia felis pmp9 Typing in Conjunctival and Rectal Samples of Swiss Stray and Pet Cats

et al. 2021

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Chlamydia (C.) felis primarily replicates in feline conjunctival epithelial cells and is an important cause of conjunctivitis in cats. Data on C. felis infection rates in stray cats in Switzerland has been missing so far. We performed a qPCR-based Chlamydiaceae-screening on 565 conjunctival and 387 rectal samples from 309 stray and 86 pet cats followed by Chlamydia species identification and C. felis typing using the gene pmp9, which encodes a polymorphic membrane protein. Overall, 19.1% of the stray and 11.6% of the pet cats were Chlamydiaceae-positive with significantly higher rates in cats displaying signs of conjunctivitis (37.1%) compared to healthy animals (6.9%). Rectal shedding of Chlamydiaceae occurred in 25.0% of infected cats and was mostly associated with concurrent ocular positivity (87.5%). In 92.2% of positive conjunctival and rectal samples, the Chlamydia species was identified as C. felis and in 2.6% as C. abortus. The C. felis pmp9 gene was very conserved in the sampled population with only one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in one conjunctival sample. In conclusion, C. felis strains are circulating in Swiss cats, are associated with conjunctivitis, have a low pmp9 genetic variability, and are rectally shed in about 16% of positive cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia felis pmp9 Typing in Conjunctival and Rectal Samples of Swiss Stray and Pet Cats

et al. 2021

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“…Comparable bacterial growth pattern were also observed by others. [ 4 ] Since there was no instillation of prophylactic antibiotic drops after delivery, the cause for conjunctivitis in our study could not have been due to chemicals. Chlamydia as a cause of conjunctivitis was ruled out clinically in our study because all the infants had conjunctivitis within 1–5 days after birth, there was no pseudo-membrane formation, and there was no history of sexually transmitted diseases among the mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity in ophthalmia neonatorum

2021

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CONTEXT: Emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci as pathogens in ophthalmia neonatorum. AIMS: To analyze the bacteriological spectrum of ophthalmia neonatorum and its associated risk factors. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Retrospective analysis in a tertiary care hospital in India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in a tertiary care center in India on 139 neonates presenting with conjunctivitis over a period of 3 years. All the neonates presenting to the out-patient department, those admitted in the Neonatal Intensive care Unit and in-patient wards were included in our study. The neonates were clinically examined and followed-up by a single experienced ophthalmologist. Details including demographic data, age of the infant, type of delivery, investigations, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Frequency calculation using Microsoft Excel for windows 10. RESULTS: In the 92 samples with growth (66.2%), the most common organisms isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (35.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.3%), and Acinetobacter species (16.3%). Others were Staphylococcus aureus (14.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%), and Escherichia coli (8.7%). Ophthalmia neonatorum was significantly higher in preterm infants born out of lower-segment cesarean section and those requiring ventilatory support. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike gonococcus, which is implicated in ophthalmia neonatorum, our study shows varied microbiological spectrum and sensitivity patterns with coagulase-negative staphylococci as the key pathogen. The role of coagulase-negative staphylococci as a disease-causing pathogen becomes increasingly important with an imperative need for prudent use of common antibiotics in treating these pathogenic bacteria.

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“…IM: intramuscular; IV: intravenous. Most studies conducted in recent decades agree that there has been a change in the microbial etiology of NC 10,11,15,18,[24][25][26][27] , from microorganisms acquired through the birth canal (N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis) to microorganisms of the skin and upper respiratory tract 10,28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial etiology of neonatal conjunctivitis in a hospital in the city of Medellín

Gaviria-Bravo¹,

Llano-Naranjo²,

Villada-Ochoa³

2020

RMOE

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We reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis with positive cultures of conjunctival secretion. Sociodemographic variables of the mother and the neonate, associated risk factors, results of the microbiological isolations, topical and systemic antibiotic therapy and antibiotic sensitivity were recorded. Results: A total of 69 newborns were identified, 65.22% were male, the average age was 15.7 ± 8.3 days. Major etiological agents identified were Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 20, 28.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 12, 17.3%) and Haemophilus influenzae (9 patients, 13.0%). There were no positive isolates for Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The most common maternal peripartum risk factors were premature rupture of the ovular membranes (n = 16, 21.33%), urinary tract infection (7 cases, 10.1%), preterm birth syndrome (n = 6, 8.00%) and bacterial vaginosis (5 cases, 7.25%). Resistance to oxacillin 26% (n = 18) and tetracyclines 15% (n = 11) was observed in patients with Staphylococcus infection. Conclusion: Over the years, the epidemiology of neonatal conjunctivitis has changed. Nowadays, gonococcal pathogens are not the most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis. A significant number of patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus were observed.

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Aetiology of neonatal conjunctivitis evaluated in a population‐based setting

Abstract: Chlamydia trachomatis was a rare pathogen in neonatal conjunctivitis in a population-based setting, but respiratory viruses were detected more frequently than indicated earlier.

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Occurrence of Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia felis pmp9 Typing in Conjunctival and Rectal Samples of Swiss Stray and Pet Cats

Occurrence of Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia felis pmp9 Typing in Conjunctival and Rectal Samples of Swiss Stray and Pet Cats

Pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity in ophthalmia neonatorum

Microbial etiology of neonatal conjunctivitis in a hospital in the city of Medellín

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