Aetiology, cost of antimicrobial therapy and outcome in neutropenic patients who developed bacteraemia during antimicrobial prophylaxis: a case-control study

Outpatient high‐dose melphalan in multiple myeloma patients

“…Ceftriaxone was used in most patients because of a known increased risk of encapsulated organism infection in multiple myeloma patients and because of the rising incidence of Gram‐positive bacterial infections, particularly in patients taking flouroquinolones 4,5 . Although the current study was not randomized and a minority of patients did not receive ceftriaxone, it appeared that the use of ceftriaxone was associated with a decrease in the incidence of fever and hospitalization.…”

“…In no case did the PCP administer intravenous fluids, nutrition, or antibiotics. One gram of ciprofloxacin, 1 g of valacyclovir, and 400 mg of fluconazole were given in two divided doses orally beginning on Day 0 and continued until the absolute neurophil count (ANC) was greater than 0.5 × 10 9 per L. Beginning early in the study period, 2 g per day ceftriaxone intravenously was added when patients became neutropenic in order to provide additional Gram‐positive bacteria coverage 4,5 . Nearly all patients received a proton pump inhibitor and antiemetics.…”

A pilot study of prophylactic ciprofloxacin during delayed intensification in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

“…It is however associated with an increased number of febrile neutropenic episodes and hospitalizations 4. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy given during myelosuppressive chemotherapy in adult cancers, including leukemia, decreases the rate of Gram‐negative bacteremia 5–16. However, the indications for antibiotic prophylaxis remain controversial, primarily because of the risk of developing antibiotic resistance 17–21.…”

Stenotrophomonas MaltophiliaInfections

“…[4][5][6]50,53,61,[78][79][80][81] In a case control study, S. maltophilia caused 17% of the bacteremias in neutropenic patients who received fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, compared with 3% among control patients. 82 Polymicrobial bacteremias frequently involve S. maltophilia, especially among neutropenic patients. Reported sources of bacteremia include the gut, lungs, urinary tract, skin and soft tissues, and central venous catheters.…”