Aetiological agents of vaginitis in Nigerian women

Nm, Otuonye; Nn, Odunukwe; Eo, Idigbe; Od, Imosemi; Smith, Stella I.; Rc, Chigbo; Bamidele, Moses; Ct, Oparaugo; Ag, Mafe; Musa, AZ

doi:10.1080/09674845.2004.11732666

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These results conform to findings in Brazil, Zimbabwe, Argentina, Ghana, Nigeria, and the USA. [9,11,13,14,[16][17][18] The present findings were also in accordance with those of other researchers. [12,[19][20][21] A higher prevalence rate for trichomonal vaginitis has been reported in China.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 96%

“…These findings compared favorably with a 64.2% prevalence reported in Ghana [13] and 63% in rural South Africa [12] but much lower than a 96.4% prevalence in Nigerian women. [14] Bacterial vaginosis (24%) and vaginal candidiasis (18%) were in preponderance in this study. Bacterial vaginosis has been reported as one of the most common genital infections worldwide with a prevalence range of 20%-50% in the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Prevalence and etiology of sexually transmitted infections in a gynecologic unit of a developing country

Kesah

Payne

Asakizi

2013

Ann Trop Med Public Health

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Background: Despite enormous sensitization and management options available for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the last 2 decades, these infections remain highly endemic in certain parts of Cameroon. This is a descriptive study of genital hygiene and predisposition to STIs in some women in Dschang, West Region, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: A total of 2172 consenting women seeking gynecological care at the Dschang District Hospital from 2009 to 2010 were interviewed, examined, cervical/blood specimens collected, and analyzed. Results: Inadequate healthcare systems; lack of reproductive health knowledge; vaginal washing with contaminated water or chemicals; contaminated sanitary towels or gynecologic equipment; unsterile sharps; dirty and damp lavatories; synthetic and tight underwear; multiple or concurrent sex partners; primitive traditions; myths; polygamous and inherited marriages; asymptomatic carriage of pathogens; self-medication; antibiotic abuse; traditional therapy; reinfections; poverty; poor sanitation; and illiteracy were related to genital conditions identi ied in 1466 (67%) study subjects, excluding 41 (2%) cases with human immunode iciency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunode iciency syndrome (AIDS) only. In total, 1353 (62%) patients were infectious cases, 113 (5%) had noninfectious vaginitis, 171 (8%) were positive for HIV/AIDS serology, with 6% having concurrent genital infections. Of the 1507 patients diagnosed with STIs, 62% were symptomatic and 7% asymptomatic comprising 5% convalescent and 2% healthy carriers. Bacterial vaginosis 24%, vaginal candidiasis 18%, chlamydia 15%, and active syphilis 11% predominated over trichomonas, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, herpes, and warts with rates ≤1%. Conclusion: In mitigation, hand washing, clean toilets, sexual behaviors that contribute to STIs, delay sexual debut, condom usage, rational employment of examination methods, improved medical diagnostics testing both men and women, attitude change and prevention education were emphasized on.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Prevalence and etiology of sexually transmitted infections in a gynecologic unit of a developing country

Kesah

Payne

Asakizi

2013

Ann Trop Med Public Health

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“…In Japan, Puapermpoonsiri and colleagues 33 reported a prevalence of 38.0% of E. faecalis in their study set. However, other studies done in developing countries, such as Nigeria, Mexico, and Iraq, detected a similar or less prevalence of E. coli in AV women 93 – 95 , more precisely, 16.2, 13.5 and 6.0%, respectively. In Greece, Iavazzo and colleagues 96 reported a lower prevalence of E. coli and E. faecalis in a large population set (1.632 women), more precisely, 4.0 and 0.3%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In Greece, Iavazzo and colleagues 96 reported a lower prevalence of E. coli and E. faecalis in a large population set (1.632 women), more precisely, 4.0 and 0.3%, respectively. It is important to mention that several studies have described other AV-associated aerobes than E. coli and E. faecalis 74 , 93 , 96 , such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. This data could explain the low values of E. coli and E. faecalis prevalence found in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal microbiota evaluation and prevalence of key pathogens in ecuadorian women: an epidemiologic analysis

Salinas

Osorio

Pacha-Herrera

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Vaginal infection is a gynecological problem in women of reproductive age with multiple health outcomes. The most common forms of infection include bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VC), and aerobic vaginitis (AV). Our main goals were to evaluate different types of vaginal infections in Ecuadorian women in a large urban area (Quito) and to characterize the vaginal microbiota colonization by opportunistic species. We collected vaginal swabs and epidemiological surveys from 414 women from June 2016 to July of 2017. We analyzed vaginal samples for the presence of any vaginal infection. The microbiological examination was done through Gram-stain, wet mount smears, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using primers for target genes, such as 16S rRNA (Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus mulieris, and Gardnerella species), ddl (Enterococcus faecalis), adk (Escherichia coli) and KER1 (Candida albicans) genes. Most women showed a healthy vaginal microbiota (66.7%). Nearly one-tenth (10.4%) of the participants had intermediate microbiota, and the remaining women (22.9%) had a single vaginal infection (BV, AV, or VC) or coinfections. From the 95 participants that had an infection, AV was the main diagnosed vaginal infection (51.6%), followed by BV (24.2%) and finally VC (7.4%). The remaining women (16.8%) showed coinfections, being BV and AV the most common coinfection. Using univariable logistic regression analyses we found an increased odds of healthy microbiota in women with a sexual partner (P = 0.02, OR = 1.64). Also, women in a free union relationship (P = 0.000, OR = 16.65) had an increased odds of having coinfections. On the other hand, the use of birth control (condom OR = 0.388 or other contraceptive method OR = 0.363) was associated with significantly lower odds of intermediate microbiota (P ≤ 0.05). We found no statistically significant differences between women with infection and a particular group age. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses we initially found an increased odds of having BV in women with M. mulieris (P = 0.020, OR = 4.98) and Gardnerella species (P = 0.010, OR = 4.16). Women with E. coli showed an increased odds of having AV (P = 0.009, OR = 2.81). The presence of C. albicans in women showed an increased odds of having VC (P = 0.007, OR = 17.94). Finally, women with M. mulieris showed a reverse odds of having healthy microbiota (P = 0.008, OR = 0.06). We found no statistically significant differences between women with symptomatic and asymptomatic infections or the presence of Enterococcus faecalis. We found using logistic regression analyses that M. mulieris was the most prevalent opportunistic pathogen among women with vaginal infection. Further studies should evaluate the possibility to use M. mulieris as a potential key predictor for vaginal infections.

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“…5-10 million women are admitted to gynecology outpatient clinics with vaginal discharge complaint every year. 1 The three most common agents of infectious vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomoniasis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). 2 The most common admission complaints of patients with infectious vaginitis are vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, and vulvovaginal burning sensation.…”

Section: The Effectiveness Of Neuraltherapy In the Treatment Of Vaginmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Neuraltherapy in the Treatment of Vaginitis

Bahat¹,

Turan²,

Özgör³

et al. 2018

J Tradit Complem Med

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Aetiological agents of vaginitis in Nigerian women

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence and etiology of sexually transmitted infections in a gynecologic unit of a developing country

Prevalence and etiology of sexually transmitted infections in a gynecologic unit of a developing country

Vaginal microbiota evaluation and prevalence of key pathogens in ecuadorian women: an epidemiologic analysis

The Effectiveness of Neuraltherapy in the Treatment of Vaginitis

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