AES–XPS study of chromium carbides and chromium iron carbides

Chemical Stability of Chromium Carbide and Chromium Nitride Powders Compared with Chromium Metal in Synthetic Biological Solutions

“…Cr 7 C 3 is according to literature findings the most thermodynamically stable existing chromium carbide compared with Cr 3 C 2 and Cr 23 C 6 [35]. The presence of chromium carbides was furthermore supported by XPS findings showing a C1s peak at 283.8 eV corresponding to Cr-C bonding and a Cr2p 3/2 peak at 574.6 eV assigned to chromium carbide (Cr 7 C 3 ) [23,36]. XPS also identified peaks attributed to oxidized chromium(III) species (in particular Cr 2 O 3 ) similar to observations made for the Cr-N powder.…”

“…Cr 7 C 3 was the predominating crystalline phase determined with GI-XRD measurements of the Cr-C powder showing all main reflections [23]. Its presence was furthermore supported by a calculated carbon to chromium bulk compositional mass ratio of 0.11, very similar to its theoretical stoichiometric ratio (0.10).…”

“…Chromium carbide (Cr 3 C 2 ) has been shown to be practically insoluble in boiling HCl [12] whereas Cr 2 N was shown to have higher solubility in HCl compared with CrN [13]. In addition, surface and bulk characteristics of both chromium carbide and chromium nitride have been carefully examined with techniques such as XPS, SEM, and XRD [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Phase composition of Cr-C thin films deposited by a double magnetron sputtering system

“…It should be noted that the Cr 2p peak of Cr 7 C 3 was also found at 574.5 eV. 19 Sample B has a Cr 2p line similar to that of sample C, which is narrower than these of the previous two samples because of the lower carbide content. All the C 1s spectra shown contain a peak at ¾283 eV corresponding to carbon in the carbide state 1,18,19 [ Fig.…”

In Situ Study of Corrosion Evolution of Alloy 926 (UNS N08926) in its Unsensitized and Sensitized State in LiBr Solutions Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

“…Then, the corrosion resistance of the steels decreases as a result of the precipitation of chromium carbides. The high concentration of chromium in Cr 23 C 6 particles, which is one of the most stable carbides (23,24), reduces locally the chromium content in the region adjacent to these chromium rich precipitates. Since chromium diffuses much more slowly than carbon, there is not enough time for chromium to diffuse to the carbide from all over the grains.…”