Aerosols over the Arabian Sea: geochemistry and source areas for aeolian desert dust

Pease, Patrick; Tchakerian, Vatche P.; Tindale, Neil

doi:10.1006/jare.1997.0368

Cited by 147 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Figure 2b shows that above the AS, there are high dust loadings with up to 80% of the measurements detecting either dust or polluted dust. Polluted dust above the AS has previously been observed by Pease et al (1998) and Tindale and Pease (1999). The dust plumes above the AS, however, are mostly confined to lower atmospheric layers.…”

Section: Satellite Measurements Of Vertical Aerosol Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 75%

How can aerosols affect the Asian summer monsoon? Assessment during three consecutive pre-monsoon seasons from CALIPSO satellite data

2010

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Section: Satellite Measurements Of Vertical Aerosol Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 75%

How can aerosols affect the Asian summer monsoon? Assessment during three consecutive pre-monsoon seasons from CALIPSO satellite data

2010

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“…The Arabian Peninsula and the surrounding deserts represent one of the main regions of natural sources of dust hazards in the Middle East and southwest Asia (Middleton, 1986;Prospero et al, 2002;Washington et al, 2003;Goudie and Middleton, 2006;Huneeus et al, 2011;Hamidi et al, 2013), as well as a source of global dust (Pease et al, 1998). A study on the dust sources inside the Arabian Peninsula (Mashat and Awad, 2010) classified the southwestern region as a temporary dust source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability and synoptic characteristics of dust cases over southwestern Saudi Arabia

Mashat

Alamoudi

Awad

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:The synoptic characteristics and statistical variability of seasonal dust over southwestern Saudi Arabia are studied for the period from 1979 to 2006 using the aerosol index (AI) from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite, dust observations from surface stations, and meteorological data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data set.The seasonal AI distribution indicates that approximately 80% of each year was dusty and that most of the dust occurred during hot months. In addition, the surface observations of the dust types show that the stations with the largest number of dust observations throughout the year were close to the desert, except during the summer, when the stations near the Red Sea had the largest number of dust observations.The synoptic forces that influenced the dust cases were the relative positions of high-pressure systems (Azores or Siberian) and low-pressure systems (Sudan or Indian), alongside their interactions. The relative positions of the atmospheric systems are highly pronounced at a pressure level of 850 hPa; at this pressure, the systems are oriented from north (anticyclonic system) to south (cyclonic system), turn anticlockwise to become oriented from west (anticyclonic system) to east (cyclonic system) during the summer, and then turn clockwise during the winter. Moreover, the interaction of the atmospheric systems influences the wind pattern of the seasonal composition over the southern Arabian Peninsula, which produces an anticyclonic wind pattern during winter, a cyclonic wind pattern during spring, a northerly/northwesterly wind pattern during summer and an anticyclonic wind pattern during autumn.The dust sources changed because of the relative positions of these atmospheric systems, in which the 'Toker Gap' Sudan was the summer/autumn dust source, and the 'central and eastern' Arabian Peninsula was the winter/spring dust source.

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“…Due to topography, drought, light textured topsoil and scanty vegetative cover, Saudi Arabia is susceptible to the dust and DS. Several investigators have studied desert dust in the Middle East and Arabian Peninsula, including Saudi Arabia (Pease et al, 1998;Smirnov et al, 2002;Alharbi and Moied, 2005;Badarinath et al, 2010). All the previously mentioned studies used either surface or satellite observations to characterize the largescale dust loading of the atmosphere over the Arabian Peninsula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol Loads during Springtime Dust Storm in Western Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi

Almazroui

Shamy

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Dust storm is a common phenomenonand, a severe environmental hazard in western Saudi Arabia. In this study, simultaneous measurement of PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1.0 and elemental compositions analysis of PM 2.5 in Jeddah city during springtime (March 2012) dust storm (DS) and non-dust storm (non-DS) periods were carried out to investigate the impact of DS on the levels, characterization and elemental compositions of atmospheric particles. Results indicate that PM fractions concentrations were higher in DS environment compared to non-DS. The diurnal variation of PM fractions concentrations was uni-modal in non-DS environment and bimodal in DS. PM 1.0 /PM 10 , PM 2.5 /PM 10 and PM 2.5 /PM 2.5-10 ratios were relatively lower in DS, indicating that sand-dust events in spring carry much more coarse than fine particles to Jeddah. PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1.0 in DS and PM 10 and PM 2.5 in non-DS might originate from similar sources. PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1.0 in DS and PM 10 in non-DS were correlated negatively with relative humidity and positively with wind speed. PM 2.5 and PM 1.0 in non-DS were correlated positively with relative humidity and negatively with wind speed. The crustal elements accounted for 44.62 and 67.53% of the total concentrations of elements in non-DS and DS, respectively. The elements concentrations increased in DS, with highest DS/non-DS ratios for Ca, Si, Al and Fe. This indicates that the soil originating species contributed mainly in DS particles.The enrichment factors values and non-crustal fractions in both non-DS and DS indicate that the main sources of Na, Mg, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Rb and Sr are of a crustal type, whereas S, Cl, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Pb and Cd are anthropogenic. V and Ni in DS only are emitted from anthropogenic sources. The enrichment factors of these anthropogenic elements were lower in DS. They might originate mainly from local sources in Jeddah.

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Aerosols over the Arabian Sea: geochemistry and source areas for aeolian desert dust

Cited by 147 publications

References 21 publications

How can aerosols affect the Asian summer monsoon? Assessment during three consecutive pre-monsoon seasons from CALIPSO satellite data

How can aerosols affect the Asian summer monsoon? Assessment during three consecutive pre-monsoon seasons from CALIPSO satellite data

Seasonal variability and synoptic characteristics of dust cases over southwestern Saudi Arabia

Characterization and Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol Loads during Springtime Dust Storm in Western Saudi Arabia

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