Aerosolized Chemotherapy

Abstract

Regional chemotherapy has been proposed as a treatment modality in a number of cancer settings. In primary or metastatic lung cancer, administration of chemotherapy via inhalation could increase exposure of lung tumor to the drug, while minimizing systemic side effects. Several proof of concept studies in animal models of metastatic or primary lung cancer have demonstrated the safety, pharmacokinetic advantage, and antitumor effect of aerosol administration of several chemotherapeutic agents including doxorubicin, gemcitabine and liposome-encapsulated formulations of paclitaxel and 9-nitrocamptothecin (9-NC). Recent phase I studies have demonstrated the feasibility of aerosol delivery of doxorubicin and liposomal formulations of 9-NC and cisplatin in patients with primary and metastatic lung cancer with a limited pharmacokinetic profile consistent with the observed low systemic toxicity. Further studies integrating safety, pharmacokinetic, and efficacy considerations are required to determine whether there is a place for local administration of chemotherapy via inhalation in lung cancer.

Feasibility and effectiveness of inhaled carboplatin in NSCLC patients

“…Other chemotherapeutic agents also administered aerolised were paclitaxel, docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-fu, and doxorubicin. In these studies less systematic side-effects were observed [31,33,36,38,54,58,68]. All patients were decided to be chemo naïve, since patients undergoing 2nd line treatment would be under the influence of the first line systemic toxicities and fatigue.…”

“…There are a number of factors that affect the efficacy and bioavailability of aerolised drug formulation [22,57,58,71,72]. These factors are summarized: 1) Aerosol particle size.…”

“…It was observed in previous studies that larger size droplets remain in the upper respiratory tract and do not diffuse to the lower parenchyma [22,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]58]. An eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor, Mark II, was used to assess the aerodynamic size distribution of the carboplatin formulation.…”

The intensity of internalization and cytotoxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with different surface modifications in human tumor and diploid lung cells

“…Functionalization of particles offers an exciting tool to make MNPs target-specific and increase their therapeutic benefit [10]. A successful delivery of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded drugs in the liver [11,12], brain [13], ovarian [11] or in the lung [14] cancer has been already reported.…”

“…The HEL 12469 cells are human diploid (embryo) lung fibroblasts; these cells were used as a model of normal (healthy) tissue. We selected the human pulmonary cells because the lungs are the target organ by both occupational and public exposure to nanoparticles [18] and the inhalation therapy is a prospective non-invasive curative modality of lung cancer and other lung illnesses [14,19]. Inhalation therapy offers several advantages over systemic treatment.…”