Aerosolization of Two Strains (Ice+ and Ice–) of<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>in a Collison Nebulizer at Different Temperatures

Pietsch, Renée B.; David, Ray; Marr, Linsey C.; Vinatzer, Boris A.; Schmale, David G.

doi:10.1080/02786826.2015.1010636

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…About 70 percent of the Earth's surface is covered with water-a huge reservoir for biological ice nuclei. Droplets containing biological ice nuclei can aerosolize from the water surface, liberating them into the atmosphere [109] where they can mediate pathogen dispersal, affect cloud formation as cloud condensation nuclei, and influence the earth's radiation budget. Research is needed to understand the relative contributions of aquatic and terrestrial sources of ice nuclei [95,[110][111][112][113], and environmental conditions that trigger their release into the atmosphere [114].…”

Section: Identifying and Quantifying Contributions Of Biological Ice mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unknown are potential seasonal fluctuations associated with aquatic ice nuclei (e.g., blooms in the spring and summer), and the contributions of melting glacial ice loaded with microbes [134]. Droplets containing biological ice nuclei have the potential to aerosolize from the water surface [109].…”

Section: Identifying and Quantifying Contributions Of Biological Ice mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives on the Future of Ice Nucleation Research: Research Needs and Unanswered Questions Identified from Two International Workshops

et al. 2017

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There has been increasing interest in ice nucleation research in the last decade. To identify important gaps in our knowledge of ice nucleation processes and their impacts, two international workshops on ice nucleation were held in Vienna, Austria in 2015 and 2016. Experts from these workshops identified the following research needs: (1) uncovering the molecular identity of active sites for ice nucleation; (2) the importance of modeling for the understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation; (3) identifying and quantifying contributions of biological ice nuclei from natural and managed environments; (4) examining the role of aging in ice nuclei; (5) conducting targeted sampling campaigns in clouds; and (6) designing lab and field experiments to increase our understanding of

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Section: Identifying and Quantifying Contributions Of Biological Ice mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying and Quantifying Contributions Of Biological Ice mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the Future of Ice Nucleation Research: Research Needs and Unanswered Questions Identified from Two International Workshops

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, diatoms thought to be associated with ice nucleating bacteria in lake water were shown to produce ice at up to −3 • C [29]. Pietsch et al [30] investigated the aerosolisation of two strains of Pseudomonas in a Collison nebuliser; air was injected at high velocity through the nebulizer's orifice which broke the cell suspension apart into small droplets. More recently, two studies have measured INPs in river surface waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of Biological Ice Nucleating Particles in the Mississippi and Its Major Tributaries

Moffett¹,

Hill

DeMott

2018

Atmosphere

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Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are rare among atmospheric aerosols. However, through their ability to induce freezing of cloud droplets in cold clouds, they affect cloud lifetime, cloud albedo, and the efficiency and distribution of precipitation. While terrestrial sources of INPs are the focus of much research, the potential of rivers and lakes to be significant INP reservoirs has been neglected. In the first survey of a major river system, surface waters from the Mississippi, Missouri, Platte, and Sweetwater Rivers, all draining east and south from the Great Divide in the United States of America (USA), were tested for their INP concentrations. The survey comprised 49 samples, taken approximately every 150-250 km along 90% of the Mississippi (from Natchez, MS to the source at Bemidji, MN), the full length of the Missouri, 90% of the North Platte, and all of the Sweetwater. Samples were analysed using the immersion freezing method. The highest freezing temperature varied between −4 and −6 • C, and the concentration of INPs active at −10 • C or warmer ranged from 87 to 47,000 mL −1 . The average INP concentration at −10 • C was 4950 mL −1 , almost four orders of magnitude greater than the numbers of INPs typically found active at this temperature in seawater. The majority of INPs (69 to >99%) were heat labile (deactivated by heating to 95 • C) and therefore likely to be biological. Although the surface area of rivers is limited, their significant concentrations of INPs suggest that freshwater emissions should be investigated for their potential impact on regional cloud processes.

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“…A 3L suspension of P. syringae (ice+ BAV strain #892 (Pietsch et al, 2015)) was diluted from a 4mL liquid culture grown overnight (12-14 hours) at 22°C in R2 broth (3.15 g/L R2 broth, TEKnova #R0005, Hollister, CA 95023) (Reasoner and Geldreich, 1985). This starting culture was first diluted to an optical density of 0.2 at 600 nm.…”

Section: Experiments With Pseudomonas Syringae In Flume Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Wind-driven spume droplet production and the transport of Pseudomonas syringae from aquatic environments (v0.1)"

2018

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Natural aquatic environments such as oceans, lakes, and rivers are home to a tremendous diversity of microorganisms. Some may cross the air-water interface within droplets and become airborne, with the potential to impact the Earth's radiation budget, precipitation processes, and spread of disease. Larger droplets are likely to return to the water or adjacent land, but smaller droplets may be suspended in the atmosphere for transport over long distances. Here, we report on a series of controlled laboratory experiments to quantify wind-driven droplet production from a freshwater source for low wind speeds. The rate of droplet production increased quadratically with wind speed above a critical value (10-m equivalent 5.7 m/s) where droplet production initiated. Droplet diameter and ejection speeds were fit by a gamma distribution. The droplet mass flux and momentum flux increased with wind speed. Two mechanisms of droplet production, bubble bursting and fragmentation, yielded different distributions for diameter, speed, and angle. At a wind speed of about 3.5 m/s, aqueous suspensions of the ice-nucleating bacterium Pseudomonas syringae were collected at rates of 283 cells per square meter per second at 5cm above the water surface, and at 14 cells per square meter per second at 10 cm above the water surface. At a wind speed of about 4.0 m/s, aqueous suspensions of P. syringae were collected at rates of 509 cells per square meter per second at 5cm above the water surface, and at 81 cells per square meter per second at 10 cm above the water surface. The potential for microbial flux into the atmosphere from aquatic environments was calculated using known concentrations of bacteria in natural freshwater systems. Up to 3.1 × 10 4 cells per square meter per second of water surface were estimated to leave the water in potentially suspended droplets (diameters < 100 µm). Understanding the sources and mechanisms for bacteria to aerosolize from freshwater aquatic sources may aid in

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Aerosolization of Two Strains (Ice+ and Ice–) ofPseudomonas syringaein a Collison Nebulizer at Different Temperatures

Cited by 18 publications

References 69 publications

Perspectives on the Future of Ice Nucleation Research: Research Needs and Unanswered Questions Identified from Two International Workshops

Perspectives on the Future of Ice Nucleation Research: Research Needs and Unanswered Questions Identified from Two International Workshops

Abundance of Biological Ice Nucleating Particles in the Mississippi and Its Major Tributaries

Peer Review #2 of "Wind-driven spume droplet production and the transport of Pseudomonas syringae from aquatic environments (v0.1)"

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