Aerosol transmission is an important mode of influenza A virus spread

Cowling, Benjamin J.; Ip, Dennis K. M.; Fang, Vicky J.; Suntarattiwong, Piyarat; Olsen, Sonja J.; Levy, Jens; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Leung, Gabriel M.; Peiris, Malik; Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee; Nishiura, Hiroshi; Simmerman, James Mark

doi:10.1038/ncomms2922

Cited by 297 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

254

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study, we refined our previous findings on 59 confirmed infections [7] with a much larger number of cases from 7 years of recruitment, including also cases infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Although secondary cases in a household setting might not be representative of all natural influenza infections in other community settings because of the particular mechanisms of transmission in households [17], it has been estimated that a large proportion of community disease transmission does take place in the household setting [18]. In a subset of these households, we used viral genetic sequences to demonstrate that >95% of the infections among household contacts did occur within the household [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamic Relationship Between Clinical Symptomatology and Viral Shedding in Naturally Acquired Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Virus Infections

Lau

Chan³

et al. 2015

Clin Infect Dis.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Although the pattern of viral shedding over time has been documented in volunteer challenge studies, understanding of the relationship between clinical symptomatology and viral shedding in naturally acquired influenza infections in humans remains limited.Methods. In a community-based study in Hong Kong from 2008 to 2014, we followed up initially healthy individuals and identified 224 secondary cases of natural influenza virus infection in the household setting. We examined the dynamic relationship between patterns of clinical symptomatology and viral shedding as quantified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and viral culture in 127 cases with a clinical picture of acute respiratory infection.Results. Viral shedding in influenza A virus infections peaked on the first 1-2 days of clinical illness, and decreased gradually to undetectable levels by day 6-7, matching closely with the dynamics of clinical illness. Viral shedding in influenza B virus infections rose up to 2 days prior to symptom onset and persisted for 6-7 days after onset with a bimodal pattern.Conclusions. Our results suggest that while clinical illness profiles may serve as a proxy for clinical infectiousness in influenza A virus infections, patients may potentially be infectious even before symptom onset or after clinical improvement in influenza B virus infections.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamic Relationship Between Clinical Symptomatology and Viral Shedding in Naturally Acquired Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Virus Infections

Lau

Chan³

et al. 2015

Clin Infect Dis.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…How best to associate symptoms to transmission potential remains an open question. For instance, while sneezing likely helps transmission in both humans and ferrets, there does not seem an easy and general relation between the two, with different mechanisms of transmission all contributing [79][80][81][82].…”

Section: Host Infectiousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossing the scale from within-host infection dynamics to between-host transmission fitness: a discussion of current assumptions and knowledge

Handel

Rohani

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

109

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The progression of an infection within a host determines the ability of a pathogen to transmit to new hosts and to maintain itself in the population. While the general connection between the infection dynamics within a host and the population-level transmission dynamics of pathogens is widely acknowledged, a comprehensive and quantitative understanding that would allow full integration of the two scales is still lacking. Here, we provide a brief discussion of both models and data that have attempted to provide quantitative mappings from within-host infection dynamics to transmission fitness. We present a conceptual framework and provide examples of studies that have taken first steps towards development of a quantitative framework that scales from within-host infections to population-level fitness of different pathogens. We hope to illustrate some general themes, summarize some of the recent advances and—maybe most importantly—discuss gaps in our ability to bridge these scales, and to stimulate future research on this important topic.

show abstract

“…Natural infections are initiated primarily through direct and indirect contact with virus-coated surfaces, or through inhalation of virus-bearing respiratory droplets [97–99]. Regardless of route, the transmission dose of IAV is thought to generally be low.…”

Section: How ‘Noninfectious’ Particles Might Contribute To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Activities of 'Noninfectious' Influenza A Virus Particles

Brooke

2014

Future Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Only a small fraction of influenza A virus (IAV) particles within a viral population register as infectious by traditional infectivity assays. Despite constituting the most abundant product of influenza infection, the role that the ‘noninfectious’ particle fraction plays in the biology of the virus has largely been ignored. This review shines a light on this oft-ignored population by highlighting studies, both old and new, that describe the unique biological activities of these particles, and discussing what this population can tell us about the biology of IAV evolution and disease.

show abstract

Aerosol transmission is an important mode of influenza A virus spread

Cited by 297 publications

References 33 publications

The Dynamic Relationship Between Clinical Symptomatology and Viral Shedding in Naturally Acquired Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Virus Infections

The Dynamic Relationship Between Clinical Symptomatology and Viral Shedding in Naturally Acquired Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Virus Infections

Crossing the scale from within-host infection dynamics to between-host transmission fitness: a discussion of current assumptions and knowledge

Biological Activities of 'Noninfectious' Influenza A Virus Particles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About