Aerosol inhalation delivery of cefazolin in mice: Pharmacokinetic measurements and antibacterial effect

Aerosol Inhalation Delivery of Ceftriaxone in Mice: Generation Procedure, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Outcome

“…The rate of total deposition can be represented as where I ET is the rate of deposition to the extrathoracic area, and where ε ET and ε lung are the extrathoracic and lung deposition efficiencies, respectively. Taking into account that and we obtain ε lung = 0.11 ± 0.02 and ε ET = 0.51 ± 0.04, which is in good agreement with our previous results for cefazolin particle deposition efficiencies [ 18 ].…”

“…As a result, the drops are now in the dry medium, evaporating within a few milliseconds, and solid aerosol particles of ceftriaxone are formed at the outlet of the ultrasonic aerosol generator, to be supplied to the laboratory animals housed in inhalation chambers. The aerosol generation technique is described in more detail by Valiulin et al [ 17 , 18 ]. In the pharmacokinetic experiments, a twelve-port nose-only (NO) inhalation chamber is used.…”

“…Finally, large particles of mean diameter 0.3–4.0 μm are formed due to vapor condensation. The size spectrum of DBP particles is measured using a gravity settling technique [ 18 ]. The particle diameter is determined from the settling velocity employing the drag force equation, and using an imaging system equipped with a semiconductor laser diode and a Levenhuk C800 NG 8M digital camera.…”

“…In our previous works, we have elaborated the evaporation–nucleation route of aerosol generation [ 10 , 11 ] and used this approach to study the aerosol delivery of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], hypotensive [ 15 ], and antituberculous drugs [ 16 ]. Later, we elaborated the ultrasonic technique for aerosol administration of antiviral [ 17 ] and antibiotic [ 18 ] drugs. In this paper, we apply ultrasonic aerosol generation to study inhalation delivery and antibacterial efficiency of ceftriaxone in mice.…”

Rational Development of a Carrier-Free Dry Powder Inhalation Formulation for Respiratory Viral Infections via Quality by Design: A Drug-Drug Cocrystal of Favipiravir and Theophylline

“…In addition, the respiratory tract provides a less harsh and low enzymatic environment with minimal hepatic first-pass metabolism [14]. These unique hallmarks render pulmonary delivery an attractive non-invasive alternative route of administration for delivering small molecules and biological therapeutics for various potential treatments, such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthma, anti-hypertensive, and anticancer [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, it should be noted that most of the marketed antiviral drugs are administered orally, which implies a significant proportion of drug is distributed to systemic circulation besides the lung.…”