Aerosol Formation from Gaseous Air Pollutants

Prager, Manfred; Stephens, Edgar R.; Scott, William E.

doi:10.1021/ie50606a034

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The presence of S02 enhances the formation of aerosols when unsaturated hydrocarbons oxidize, particularly in the case of secondary, cyclic, or branched chain olefins (54). The sulfur in the aerosol systems seems to appear either as sulfinic acids (13) or as sulfuric acid (15, 27) ; in high humidity sulfuric acid is favored.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerochemistry of Air Pollution

Berry¹,

Lehman²

1971

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerochemistry of Air Pollution

Berry¹,

Lehman²

1971

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

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“…I he work of Prager, 9 Reckner and Scott, 22 Doyle and Renzetti,14 and others indicates that an effect of sulfur dioxide on light scattering and, hence, visibility reduction can be experimentally demonstrated. The question is, "Of what importance is this in explaining the loss of visibility in smoggy atmospheres such as in the Los Angeles Basin?"…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early analyses of particulate matter in the atmosphere, Renzetti 21 found that high concentrations of organic matter, together with nitrate and sulfate, were present. Prager 9 and Reckner and Scott 22 found that certain olefins irradiated alone caused visibility reduction. More recently, Doyle 23 determined that the aerosol obtained on irradiating ethylene in the presence of SO 2 consisted predominantly of sulfuric acid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Role of Sulfur Dioxide in Visibility Reduction

Harkins¹,

Nicksic²

1965

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…This is due to the presAugust 1974 ence of other air contaminants which in general greatly facilitate the oxidation of sulfur dioxide. Two processes appear to be involved: oxidation by components derived from photochemical processes (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)34) and catalytic oxidation predominantly by certain types of particulate aerosols (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) Table 4.…”

Section: Summary Of Key Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Health Effects of Sulfur Oxides

Rall¹

1974

Environmental Health Perspectives

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The pollution in the air is a complex mixture of chemical substances of varying toxicity of which the sulfur oxides are a principal component. Those components which pose the primary hazards to human health have not yet been fully identified, nor have their respective contributions to human disease been fully determined. Efficient and effective control strategies are dependent upon the identification and understanding of these toxic components. Ultimately, the goal of standard-setting should be the development of composite pollution indices rather than control of individual pollutants.Concentrations of SO2' in the ambient air twice the current standards are associated with adverse health effects. A consider'able body of evidence suggests that there may be discernible human health effects from exposure to concentrations approximating the current standards. There is therefore no basis for'relaxation of the present standards for sulffr oxides at this time. Since the scientific basis for this judgment is incomplete, further scientific'information will, be required either to validate the present standards or to justify alteration of these standards. and experimental or laboratory studies, including matters of agreement or disagreement among the findings produced by the various study approaches; (3) the variable susceptibility to adverse effects' of sulfur oxides among different population groups; (4) a quantification of health effects in relation to various levels of exposure; and (5) the relationship between various levels of sulfur oxide exposure and costs in terms of impaired health, including the costs of care and loss of productivity among those who are or may be adversely affected by exposure to sulfur oxides. Review of Health Effects of Sulfur OxidesThis study has examined the existing scientific information and answered, insofar as is possible, these important questions. It is clear that additional information on the health effects of sulfur oxides is urgently needed. A program of research studies designed to develop such information is therefore included. Summary of Available InformationThe chemical form of sulfur oxides in the ambient air which is associated' in epidemiological studies with morbidity and mortality has not yet been clearly identified. The sulfur-containing products which have been implicated include SO2, sulfuric acid, and inorganic sulfates. SO, gas is generated primarily by the process of burning fossil fuels containing sulfur. SO remains in the ambient air for 1-7 days, during which time it can be converted to sulfates and sulfuric acid by sunlight, photochemical oxidants, or by the catalytic effect of certain particulates in the air. These processes are complex and not quantitatively understood. SO in the ambient air therefore provides a reservoir from which the more toxic sulfates and sulfuric acid derive. On a nationwide basis, the average ambient air concentrations of SO2 have been decreasing in the last few years because fossil fuels with a lower sulfur content have been used. The co...

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Aerosol Formation from Gaseous Air Pollutants

Cited by 40 publications

References 5 publications

Aerochemistry of Air Pollution

Aerochemistry of Air Pollution

Studies on the Role of Sulfur Dioxide in Visibility Reduction

Review of the Health Effects of Sulfur Oxides

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