Aerosol Deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract Breathing Air and 80:20 Heliox

Darquenne, Chantal; Prisk, G. Kim

doi:10.1089/0894268042176364

Cited by 23 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This occurs mainly at the airway bifurcations of large conducting zones of airway and nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx and bronchial region. This is a velocity-dependent mechanism is the main method for deposition of particles greater than 5 m [17].…”

Section: Inertial Impactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Era of Pulmonary Delivery of Nano-antimicrobial Therapeutics to Treat Chronic Pulmonary Infections

Merchant

Buckton²,

Taylor³

et al. 2016

CPD

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Pulmonary infections may be fatal especially in immunocompromised patients and patients with underlying pulmonary dysfunction, such as those with cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, etc. According to the WHO, lower respiratory tract infections ranked first amongst the leading causes of death in 2012, and tuberculosis was included in the top 10 causes of death in low income countries, placing a considerable strain on their economies and healthcare systems. Eradication of lower respiratory infections is arduous, leading to high healthcare costs and requiring higher doses of antibiotics to reach optimal concentrations at the site of pulmonary infection for protracted periods. Hence direct inhalation to the respiratory epithelium has been investigated extensively in the past decade, and seems to be an attractive approach to eradicate and hence overcome this widespread problem. Moreover, engineering inhalation formulations wherein the antibiotics are encapsulated within nanoscale carriers could serve to overcome many of the limitations faced by conventional antibiotics, like difficulty in treating intracellular pathogens such as mycobacteria spp. and salmonella spp., biofilmassociated pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, passage through the sputum associated with disorders like cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, systemic side effects following oral/parenteral delivery and inadequate concentrations of antibiotic at the site of infection leading to resistance. Encapsulation of antibiotics in nanocarriers may help in providing a protective environment to combat antibiotic degradation, confer controlled-release properties, hence reducing dosing frequency, and may increase uptake via specific and non-specific targeting modalities. Hence nanotechnology combined with direct administration to the airways using commercially available delivery devices, is a highly attractive formulation strategy to eradicate microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract, which might otherwise present opportunities for multi-drug resistance.

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Section: Inertial Impactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Era of Pulmonary Delivery of Nano-antimicrobial Therapeutics to Treat Chronic Pulmonary Infections

Merchant

Buckton²,

Taylor³

et al. 2016

CPD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In obstructive airways disease the opportunity to decrease turbulent air flow through obstructive airways with a less dense gas offers the hypothetical advantage of delivering aerosol particles and medications distal to the obstructions. [15][16][17][18] Heliox is a gas mixture of helium (60 -80%) and oxygen, which is used to improve air flow in patients with partial airway obstruction. 19 Clinical studies utilizing heliox as the driving gas for delivery of aerosolized asthma medications in asthmatics have reported conflicting results, 20 which makes evidencebased decisions on its use undeterminable for several possible reasons.…”

Section: Other Nuances and Characteristics Of Svnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science Guiding Selection of an Aerosol Delivery Device

Myers

2013

Respir Care

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Aerosol therapy continues to be considered as one of the cornerstones of the profession of respiratory care, even after 60 years. Aerosol therapy serves as a critical intervention for both exacerbations and chronic maintenance for a variety of respiratory care conditions. Aerosol therapy uniquely blends both the art and science of medicine together to produce the practical and necessary clinical outcomes for patients with respiratory diseases. This review was presented as part of the New Horizons Symposium on how to guide the scientific selection of an appropriate aerosol device.

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“…It was not until the mid-1990s that more extensive measurements of aerosol deposition in reduced gravity were made. (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) To date, all experimental studies on aerosol inhalation in reduced gravity have been performed during short periods of reduced gravity achieved during parabolic flights. The aim of this article is to review these experimental studies and highlight the role of gravity in the transport and deposition of inhaled particles in the human lung.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Deposition in the Human Lung in Reduced Gravity

Darquenne

2014

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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The deposition of aerosol in the human lung occurs mainly through a combination of inertial impaction, gravitational sedimentation, and diffusion. For 0.5-to 5-lm-diameter particles and resting breathing conditions, the primary mechanism of deposition in the intrathoracic airways is sedimentation, and therefore the fate of these particles is markedly affected by gravity. Studies of aerosol deposition in altered gravity have mostly been performed in humans during parabolic flights in both microgravity (lG) and hypergravity (*1.6G), where both total deposition during continuous aerosol mouth breathing and regional deposition using aerosol bolus inhalations were performed with 0.5-to 3-lm particles. Although total deposition increased with increasing gravity level, only peripheral deposition as measured by aerosol bolus inhalations was strongly dependent on gravity, with central deposition (lung depth < 200 mL) being similar between gravity levels. More recently, the spatial distribution of coarse particles (mass median aerodynamic diameter & 5 lm) deposited in the human lung was assessed using planar gamma scintigraphy. The absence of gravity caused a smaller portion of 5-lm particles to deposit in the lung periphery than in the central region, where deposition occurred mainly in the airways. Indeed, 5-lm-diameter particles deposit either by inertial impaction, a mechanism most efficient in the large and medium-sized airways, or by gravitational sedimentation, which is most efficient in the distal lung. On the contrary, for fine particles (*1 lm), both aerosol bolus inhalations and studies in small animals suggest that particles deposit more peripherally in lG than in 1G, beyond the reach of the mucociliary clearance system.

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Aerosol Deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract Breathing Air and 80:20 Heliox

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

A New Era of Pulmonary Delivery of Nano-antimicrobial Therapeutics to Treat Chronic Pulmonary Infections

A New Era of Pulmonary Delivery of Nano-antimicrobial Therapeutics to Treat Chronic Pulmonary Infections

The Science Guiding Selection of an Aerosol Delivery Device

Aerosol Deposition in the Human Lung in Reduced Gravity

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