Aerosol characteristics and sources for the Amazon Basin during the wet season

Artaxo, Paulo; Maenhaut, Willy; Storms, H.; Grieken, R. Van

doi:10.1029/jd095id10p16971

Cited by 187 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…Aerosol studies over Amazonia started during the 1980s as parts of the ABLE campaigns Artaxo et al, 1988Artaxo et al, , 1990Talbot et al, 1988Talbot et al, , 1990) and numerous papers have been published since (for a review, see Martin et al, 2010). These studies show that the Amazonian aerosol comes from a mixture of internal and external sources: The rainforest biota provide the dominant source of coarse mode particles (diameter >1 µm) in the form of primary biogenic aerosols (fungal spores, leaf detritus, microbes, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Artaxo²,

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We present the results of airborne measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosol particle number concentration (CN) made during the Balanço Atmosférico Regional de Carbono na Amazônia (BARCA) program. The primary goal of BARCA is to address the question of basinscale sources and sinks of CO 2 and other atmospheric carbon species, a central issue of the Large-scale BiosphereAtmosphere (LBA) program. The experiment consisted of two aircraft campaigns during November-December 2008 (BARCA-A) and May-June 2009 (BARCA-B), which covered the altitude range from the surface up to about 4500 m, and spanned most of the Amazon Basin.Based on meteorological analysis and measurements of the tracer, SF 6 , we found that airmasses over the Amazon Basin during the late dry season (BARCA-A, November 2008) originated predominantly from the Southern Hemisphere, while during the late wet season (BARCA-B, May 2009) low-level airmasses were dominated by northernhemispheric inflow and mid-tropospheric airmasses were of mixed origin. In BARCA-A we found strong influence of biomass burning emissions on the composition of the atmosphere over much of the Amazon Basin, with CO enhancements up to 300 ppb and CN concentrations approaching 10 000 cm −3 ; the highest values were in the southern part of the Basin at altitudes of 1-3 km. The CN/ CO ratios were diagnostic for biomass burning emissions, and were lower in aged than in fresh smoke. Fresh emissions indicated CO/CO 2 and CN/CO emission ratios in good agreement with previous work, but our results also highlight the need to consider the residual smoldering combustion that takes place after the active flaming phase of deforestation fires.During the late wet season, in contrast, there was little evidence for a significant presence of biomass smoke. Low CN concentrations (300-500 cm −3 ) prevailed basinwide, and CO mixing ratios were enhanced by only ∼10 ppb above the mixing line between Northern and Southern Hemisphere air. There was no detectable trend in CO with distance from the coast, but there was a small enhancement of CO in the boundary layer suggesting diffuse biogenic sources from photochemical degradation of biogenic volatile organic compounds or direct biological emission.Simulations of CO distributions during BARCA-A using a range of models yielded general agreement in spatial distribution and confirm the important contribution from biomass burning emissions, but the models evidence some systematic quantitative differences compared to observed CO concentrations. These mismatches appear to be related to problems with the accuracy of the global background fields, the role Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. M. O. Andreae et al.: Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosolsof vertical transport and biomass smoke injection height, the choice of model resolution, and reliability and temporal resolution of the emissions data base.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Artaxo²,

et al. 2012

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“…Temporal patterns for Zn, which is indicative of an urban pollution source, 31,32 show relatively large day-to-day variations that lacked a consistent seasonal pattern and likely reflect high-frequency (i.e., daily) variations in synoptic weather patterns. By contrast, Si and Br, which are indicative of soil and biomass burning, respectively 12,33 , displayed larger variation and magnitude during the dry season. Most of the variation in Si was due to the PM 10 fraction, which is likely indicative of soil dust that is re-suspended as the soil dries and the wind speed increases during the season.…”

Section: Figure 1 Map Of Brazil With the State Of Mato Grosso Highlimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, much of the temporal variation in Br was due to variation in the PM 2.5 fraction, which is presumably indicative of the fine particles released as a result of biomass burning. 12,33 For biogenic constituents such as P, temporal variations in the PM 10 fraction were substantially larger than for the PM 2.5 fraction (Figure 3). While seasonal variations for P were not as large as for Si or Br, atmospheric contributions of P were higher during the wet season when plant productivity is greater.…”

Section: Figure 1 Map Of Brazil With the State Of Mato Grosso Highlimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first group (Factor 1) explained approximately 41% of the variance in the dry season PM 10 fraction and included elements related to emissions from fire and biogenic sources. 12,33 However, the presence of BC points clearly to an association with biomass burning. 11 The second group (Factor 2) explained an additional 21% of the variance and contained elements associated with soil dust, while the third factor explained approximately 13% of the variance and comprised S and Br, again associated with biomass burning (Table 2).…”

Section: Sources Of Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second factor explained a further 17% of the cumulative variance and consisted largely of P, suggesting a biogenic origin. 33 The final factor explained an additional 8% of the cumulative variance, where the ratio of excess K in the fine fraction of aerosols is thought to be an indicator of biomass burning. 12,38…”

Section: Sources Of Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental composition of PM10 and PM2.5 for a savanna (cerrado) region of Southern Amazonia

Santanna¹,

Filho²,

Vourlitis³

et al. 2016

Quim. Nova

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publicado na web em 26/08/2016Brazil plays an important role with regard to the emission of aerosols into the atmosphere. Ecosystems such as the Amazonian tropical forest and Brazilian Cerrado are undergoing sweeping changes. These human activities promote an increase in the levels of gases and particles emitted into the atmosphere. To determine how these activities have affected the emission of coarse and fine particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), atmospheric aerosol samples were collected continuously from June 2004 to April 2005 in the Cuiaba Basin of south-central Mato Grosso, Brazil. Aerosols were sampled using stacked filter units. Filters were analysed for particulate mass, black carbon and for concentrations of seventeen elements by Particle Induced X-Ray Emission. The results revealed that Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti and Fe were the major components detected in PM 2.5 and PM 10 . The high enrichment factors observed in PM 2.5 and PM 10 suggest that anthropogenic activities were the predominant source for elements such as Cu, Zn and Pb. These data indicate that most of the aerosols measured in the Cuiaba Basin originate from land conversion and biomass burning. These patterns are similar to those observed in other Cerrado and Amazonian forest areas that are undergoing rapid and spatially extensive land-cover change.

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The fertilizing role of African dust in the Amazon rainforest: A first multiyear assessment based on data from Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations

Chin

Yuan

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

292

253

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The productivity of the Amazon rainforest is constrained by the availability of nutrients, in particular phosphorus (P). Deposition of long‐range transported African dust is recognized as a potentially important but poorly quantified source of phosphorus. This study provides a first multiyear satellite‐based estimate of dust deposition into the Amazon Basin using three‐dimensional (3‐D) aerosol measurements over 2007–2013 from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). The 7 year average of dust deposition into the Amazon Basin is estimated to be 28 (8–48) Tg a−1 or 29 (8–50) kg ha−1 a−1. The dust deposition shows significant interannual variation that is negatively correlated with the prior‐year rainfall in the Sahel. The CALIOP‐based multiyear mean estimate of dust deposition matches better with estimates from in situ measurements and model simulations than a previous satellite‐based estimate does. The closer agreement benefits from a more realistic geographic definition of the Amazon Basin and inclusion of meridional dust transport calculation in addition to the 3‐D nature of CALIOP aerosol measurements. The imported dust could provide about 0.022 (0.006–0.037) Tg P of phosphorus per year, equivalent to 23 (7–39) g P ha−1 a−1 to fertilize the Amazon rainforest. This out‐of‐basin phosphorus input is comparable to the hydrological loss of phosphorus from the basin, suggesting an important role of African dust in preventing phosphorus depletion on timescales of decades to centuries.

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Aerosol characteristics and sources for the Amazon Basin during the wet season

Cited by 187 publications

References 50 publications

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Carbon monoxide and related trace gases and aerosols over the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry seasons

Elemental composition of PM10 and PM2.5 for a savanna (cerrado) region of Southern Amazonia

The fertilizing role of African dust in the Amazon rainforest: A first multiyear assessment based on data from Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations

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