Aerosol-Based Self-Assembly of a Ag–ZnO Hybrid Nanoparticle Cluster with Mechanistic Understanding for Enhanced Photocatalysis

Abstract

A gas-phase-controlled synthetic approach is demonstrated to fabricate Ag-ZnO hybrid nanostructure as a high-performance catalyst for photodegradation of water pollutants. The degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was used as representative, which were tested and evaluated with respect to the environmental pH and the presence of dodecyl sulfate corona on the surface of the catalyst. The results show that a raspberry-structure Ag-ZnO hybrid nanoparticle cluster was successfully synthesized via gas-phase evaporation-induced self-assembly. The photodegradation activity increased significantly (20×) by using the Ag-ZnO hybrid nanoparticle cluster as a catalyst. A surge of catalytic turnover frequency of ZnO nanoparticle cluster (>20×) was observed through the hybridization with silver nanoparticles. The dodecyl sulfate corona increased the photocatalytic activity of the Ag-ZnO hybrid nanoparticle cluster, especially at the acidic and neutral pH environments (maximum 6×), and the enhancement in catalytic activity was attributed to the improved colloidal stability of ZnO-based nanoparticle cluster under the interaction with RhB. Our work provides a generic route of facile synthesis of the Ag-ZnO hybrid nanoparticle cluster with a mechanistic understanding of the interface reaction for enhancing photocatalysis toward the degradation of water pollutants.

SILVER SULFATE (Ag2SO4): MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND ION TRANSPORT

“…Sifat Kimia Kegunaan Sintesis (12) Kapasitas Pemisahan (18) Penyaringan (15) Kalor (107)(108)(109) Rumus kimia (110)(111)(112)(113)(114) Endapan Ikatan Pemanasan Kepolaran kimia (25) kelaruta n Perak Sulfat (Ag 2 SO 4 ) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) Bentuk (24) Bilangan Kelimpahan transport di alam (14) (83)(84)(85)(86)(87) densitas (11) Mobilitas ion (88)(89)(90)(91) Sintesi Berat Titik Lebur molekul(5-9) s (13) (19) Difusi Warna (92)(93)(94)(95) Bau (21)…”

“…Perak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) merupakan senyawa ion dari perak dengan rumus Ag2SO4, yang digunakan dalam penyepuhan perak (silver plating) dan pengganti tanpa noda untuk perak nitrat. Garam sulfat ini stabil di bawah kondisi penggunaan dan penyimpanan biasa, meskipun ia menjadi gelap pada pajanan terhadap udara atau cahaya.…”

“…Perak Sulfat (Ag2SO4) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki konduktivitas (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . Besarnya nilai konduktivitas (1-10) ditentukan oleh konsentrasi elektrolit.…”

“…Garam sulfat ini stabil di bawah kondisi penggunaan dan penyimpanan biasa, meskipun ia menjadi gelap pada pajanan terhadap udara atau cahaya. Perak Sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) mengalami interaksi molekul dalam pelarut Air. Berat molekul senyawa ini yaitu 311,799 gr/mol dengan tampilan kristal tidak berwarna.…”

“…Kelarutannya dalam air 0,79 gr/100 mL (20 o C) dan dapat larut juga dalam pelarut asam nitrat. Secara termokimia, perak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki entalpi pembentukan standar, ΔfHo298 -715 kJ/mol dan entropi molar standar, So298 16,74 kJ/mol. Perak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) tidak mudah terbakar.Perak Sulfat (Ag2SO4) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki konduktivitas (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) .…”